1. Macromolecules

2. Atoms

3. Macromolecules BIG biological molecules of CARBON! Carbon is essential for life Made of smaller parts called monomers Chains joined together are called polymers 4 types of MACROMOLECULES Carbohydrates Nucleic acids Proteins (amino acids) Lipids (fats)

4. Carbohydrates

5. Monomer: monosaccharide Used for: Main source of short term energy as sugar (glucose) is broken down for immediate energy for all cell activities Plants use carbohydrates for structural purposes (antennae) Examples: Fun fact: many carbohydrates have names that end in -ose

6. Monosaccharides Simple (one sugar) carbohydrates Example: glucose

7. Disaccharides Simple (two sugars bonded) carbohydrates Example: lactose

8. Polysaccharides Complex (many sugars bonded) carbohydrates Example: starch, glycogen, chitin

9. Complex Carbohydrates AnimalsPlants Stores excess sugar in a polysaccharide called glycogen. When the level of glucose in your blood runs low, glycogen is broken down into glucose, which is then released into the blood. The glycogen stored in your muscles supplies the energy for muscle contraction. Stores excess sugar in a polysaccharide called starch. Plants also make another important polysaccharide called cellulose, which gives plants much of their strength and rigidity.

10. Carbohydrates: Big Picture

11. How do we get carbohydrates? Photosynthesis Creates glucose (C 6 H 12 O 6 ) from CO 2, H 2 O and sunlight Reactants  Products