1. Gross anatomical study of crude drugs
Clove

2. DEPARTMENT OF TECHNICAL EDUCTION
ANDHRA PRADESH
Name : M.Vasu Babu
Designation : Lecturer in pharmacy
Branch : Pharmacy
Institute : GPW ,Guntur
Year : I D.Pharm.
Subject : Pharmacognosy
Subject Code : Ph -103
Topic : Gross anatomical study of crude drugs
Duration : 50 minutes
Sub topic : Clove (6/8)
Teaching aids : PPT, Photographs

3. Gross anatomical study of Crude Drugs
Clove

4. On completion of this period you would be able to know
Objectives
On completion of this period you would be able to know
Biological source
Microscopical characters
Chemical constituents & uses of Clove.

5. Known to unknown Q 1. Did you ever see these? What are they ?
Ans: Yes – they are cloves.
Q 2. Did you ever used them in your house?
Ans : yes.
FIG 88.1

6. Q3. For what purpose, we use in our house ?
Ans: As spice – used in food preparations.
Q4. From which part of plant, is it obtained ?
Ans: As flower bud.
Q5. How do you find out the genuinity of this crude drug ?
Ans: By observing Morphological / histological study.

7. Cloves Biological source: Dried flower buds of Eugenia caryophyllus
Family:
Myrtaceae

8. FIG 88.2

9. Microscopy T.S of microscopy of clove bud shows Epidermis Cortex
Columella
FIG 88. 3

10. Epidermis Single layered Straight walled cells with anomocytic stomata
Covered with very thick cuticle
FIG 88. 4

11. Cortex It shows 3 zones. Zone I
Roughly radially arranged parenchymatus cells with 2 to 3 layers of big, ellipsoidal, schizolysigenous oil glands.
FIG 88. 5

12. Middle region containing a ring of bicollateral vascular bundles.
Cortex (contd)
Zone II
Middle region containing a ring of bicollateral vascular bundles.
Xylem - composed of 3 – 5 lignified spiral vessels
Isolated pericylclic fibres (lignified) may be present around the vascular bundle.
FIG 88. 6

13. Cortex
Zone III
Zone of parenchyma composed of air spaces separated by lamellae.
one cell thick which supports the central columella.
FIG 88. 7

14. Columella Parenchymatus rich in calcium oxalate clusters .
A ring of vascular bundles towards the periphery.
Calcium oxalate prisms,
Starch, Trichomes, Stone cells
are absent.
FIG 88. 8

15. Chemical constituents
Volatile oil (15-20%)
Eugenol (70-90%)
Eugenol acetate
Caryophyllenes
Small quantities of esters, ketones & alcohols
Tannins (10-13%)
Resins
Galltannic acid
Chromone
Eugenin

16. Uses Dental analgesic Carminative Aromatic Stimulant Antiseptic
Flavouring agent

17. Summary In this class we learnt about Anatomical study
Chemical constituents
Uses of Clove

18. Quiz Q 1.How many zones present in the cortex of Clove? a) 3 b) 4 c) 1
d) 2
Q 2.What type of stomata present in the Clove bud?
a) Anomocytic
b) Paracytic
c) Diacytic
d) Anisocytic

19. Frequently asked questions
1.Write the monograph of Clove.
2.Explain the histological study of Clove.
3.Write the anatomical study of Clove.
4.Write the Biological Source, Family, Chemical constituents and Uses of Clove.