1. The Study -Migration Pathway in New Zealand Anne-Marie Masgoret Manager Strategy Leadership Settlement, Protection, and Attraction Branch Immigration New Zealand International Metropolis Conference, Tampere 9-13 September 2013

2. International students in NZ NZ 10 th largest recipient of international students –1.9% of foreign students in tertiary education study in New Zealand –Highest per capita rate in the OECD –Predominance of Asian students in New Zealand

3. Why New Zealand? Around 50% of international student enrolments are at private tertiary providers. University enrolments equate to 20%. In 2012, the course level with the most international student enrolments was Level 5 certificates and diplomas – qualifications two levels below bachelor degree. The next most popular course level was Level 6 certificates and diplomas, followed by Level 7 courses (includes bachelor degrees).

4. Student marketing and attraction (EducationNZ) Quality assurance of providers/courses (NZ Qualifications Authority) Pastoral care of students (Ministry of Education) Immigration issues (Immigration NZ) NZ system decentralised

5. NZ aims to double the economic value of international education to $5 billion over the next 15 years by: –Developing education links with other countries –Increasing revenue from offshore education services to $0.5 billion + –Increasing enrolments in NZ offshore providers to 10,000 –Doubling international postgraduate students onshore to 20,000 –Increasing transition rates of international university students from study to residence –Increasing intercultural skills and knowledge Leadership Statement for International Education

6. NZ aims to double the economic value of international education to $5 billion over the next 15 years by: –Developing education links with other countries –Increasing revenue from offshore education services to $0.5 billion + –Increasing enrolments in NZ offshore providers to 10,000 –Doubling international postgraduate students onshore to 20,000 –Increasing transition rates of international university students from study to residence –Increasing intercultural skills and knowledge Leadership Statement for International Education

7. Work rights attract international students Work rights automatically granted with most tertiary level international students’ visas –English language students: work rights only for long courses + IELTS 5, or students in Christchurch Students can work anywhere (except sex industry) Students can work up to 20hr/wk during term time and full- time during semester breaks

8. NZ Study + Work nzstudywork.immigration.govt.nz

9. Studying and staying on: Long term trends Key points: 31% of international students stay on in New Zealand as temporary workers or permanent residents 1 in 5 gain permanent residence, mostly as skilled migrants Former students comprise around 13% of the New Zealand Residence Programme Transition pathways and transition rates vary greatly Source: INZ administrative data (2010)

10. Motivations to study and stay on StudyPermanent Residence Migration opportunities68.8%Lifestyle80.4% Quality of education62.8%Safety and security80.1% English language60.5%Education system67.6% Tuition costs59.4%Work and living costs59.3% Ease of entry37.8%Family56.2% Source: Transitions Survey (2010) Motivators for students to study in NZ and stay on

11. Transition from study to work 1st step: Graduate Job Search Visa –12-month open work visa, where students can work anywhere but should be looking for a job related to their NZ studies. 2nd step: Graduate Work Experience Visa –24- to 36-month employer-specific work visa, where the work must be related to the studies. –The visa is not subject to a labour-market test, and enables graduate students to work their way up to a skilled job.

12. Transition from study to work, by market Number of students who were first granted a student visa during 2008-2010, transition as of April 2013 P OLYTECHNICS R EST OF THE W ORLD I NDIA C HINA PTE S U NIVERSITIES Job Search visa only Job Search followed by Work Experience visa Work Experience visa only no work visa

13. Residence pathways for international students Source: INZ administrative data (2010) Transition to residence categories: Fee-paying international students beginning 2003-2006 0 20 40 60 80 100 SkilledPartnershipOther familyBusiness Percent (%) ChinaIndiaSouth KoreaJapan

14. Conclusions & next step Policies that facilitate two-step migration have had a positive impact, especially for China and India Most former students who gain residence do so as skilled migrants – employers are recognising their skills Better labour market outcomes for higher NZ qualifications – skilled jobs, higher wages, higher job satisfaction Future work to extend 2010 study – include the qualification characteristics of students who transition and labour market outcomes/earnings post-transition to work or residence.

15. Thank You WEBSITES: www.immigration.govt.nz www.nzstudywork.com Anne-Marie.Masgoret@mbie.govt.nz