1. 1. An English Song Happy Birthday to You 2. Background Information Fun Facts about Happy Birthday to You Important Birthdays in the West Before Reading_Main Before ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter Reading Traditional Birthday Celebration in Western Countries 3. Warm-up Exercises Warm-up Questions Topic-related Prediction

2. ■ Before Reading_1.1 Before ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter Reading Happy Birthday to You

3. Before Reading_2.1.1 Fun Facts about Happy Birthday to You Before ReadingGlobal ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed Reading ■

4. Before Reading_2.1.2 Happy Birthday to You, the four-line song was written as a classroom greeting in 1893 by two American teachers, Mildred J. Hill, and Dr. Patty Smith Hill. The melody of the song Happy Birthday to You was composed by Mildred J. Hill, a schoolteacher. The song was first published in 1893, with the lyrics written by her sister, Patty Smith Hill. Happy Birthday to You was copyrighted in 1935 and renewed in 1963. The song was apparently written in 1893, but first copyrighted in 1935 after a lawsuit. In 1988, Birch Tree Group, Ltd. sold the rights of the song to Warner Communications for an estimated $25 million. In the 1980s, the song Happy Birthday to You was believed to generate about $1 million in royalties annually. With Auld Lang Syne and For He's a Jolly Good Fellow, it is among the three most popular songs in the English language. Before ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter Reading

5. Before Reading_2.2.2 Before ReadingGlobal ReadingAfter Reading 21(18 now in many countries) over 70 100 family party; a major present (watch; car) a special way to celebrate the centennial birthday, unusual occasion, may receive a telegram or a letter of congratulations from some famous figures (Prime Minister or Queen), family party; count great grandchildren and grandchildren Detailed Reading Important Birthdays in the West

6. Before Reading_2.3.1 Traditional Birthday Celebration in Western Countries Summarize the traditional ways to celebrate birthday in the west. ■ Before ReadingGlobal ReadingAfter Reading Saying “Happy Birthday” Opening the presents Food and drinks are served Turning off the light and light the candles Singing birthday song and make a wish The birthday person blows out the candles on the cake The birthday person cuts the cake The guests wish the birthday person “happy birthday” again and leave Detailed Reading ■ Directions: Task

7. Before Reading_2.3.2 In the West, it is customary to hold a party in celebration of a person’s birthday. The guests will come to the party with birthday presents and say “Happy Birthday” to the birthday person. The guests then watch him or her open the presents and he or she thanks them for the presents they have brought. At the party drinks and food are served. Toward the end of the dinner the lights in the room are turned off, and someone comes in from another room with a cake on which are lighted candles, one for each year. At the sight of the cake the guests begin singing “Happy Birthday to You” and the birthday person makes a wish before he or she blows out the candles on the cake. It is said that the wish will come true if all the candles go out in one puff. After that, the cake is cut in slices usually by the birthday person, one piece for each guest. When the party comes to an end, the guests wish the birthday person “Happy Birthday” again and leave. Before ReadingGlobal ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed Reading

8. Before Reading_3.1 Warm-up Questions ■ Before ReadingGlobal ReadingAfter Reading 1.How does your family celebrate the birthdays of your grandparents? 2.How do you usually celebrate your birthday? What do your parents do for you on this special occasion? 3.Do you know your parents’ birthday? What do you do for that? Detailed Reading

9. Before Reading_3.2.1 Topic-related Prediction 1. Dictation Related to the Text Before ReadingGlobal ReadingAfter Reading ■ Detailed Reading It was the old lady’s birthday. _______________________ She got up early to be ready for the post. __________________________________ Today she was sure there would be something. ______________________________________ In one of the letters there was a check, but with trembling fingers she tore it into little bits. ____________________________________________________________ ___________

10. Before Reading_3.2.2 2. Formation of Questions Directions: With these three pictures of the old lady and the sentences you have dictated, you are given five minutes to work in pairs to make up as many questions as possible about the content of the story. Before ReadingGlobal ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed Reading

11. Globe Reading_main 1. Part Division of the Text 2. Discourse Analysis 3. Words Scanning Before ReadingGlobal ReadingAfter Reading 4. Further Understanding For Part 1& Part 2 For Part 3 Detailed Reading

12. Globe Reading.1 Part Division of the Text Main IdeaLinesPart 11 — 5 26 — 43 3 44 — 61 The old lady, filled with expectation, got up early on her birthday. The old lady looked forward to something special from her daughter Myra. The present from Myra turned out to be a printed card plus a check. The old lady tore the check into little bits. Before ReadingGlobal ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed Reading

13. Globe Reading.2.1 Discourse Analysis Before ReadingGlobal ReadingAfter Reading Some Critical Terms in Narrative Stories: where and when the story takes place whoever takes part in the story (people or animals) all of the events that tell the story the most intense point of action where a crisis is reached and resolution achieved the angle from which a story is presented (Stories are told either in the first person or the third person.) the use of time references to organize the episodes of a story (Chronological structure is important in stories in which action is significantly related to the passing of time.) a term used to describe any scene or episode which is inserted to show events that happened at an earlier time the central meaning that is implicit in a story Detailed Reading Setting Characters Plot Climax Point of view Chronological structure Flashback Theme

14. Globe Reading.2.2 Global ReadingAfter ReadingBefore Reading Discourse Analysis of the Story: Directions: Scan the text and list the basic elements for the story. Time: the old lady’s birthday Place: on the second floor flat the old lady, Enid, Myra, Johnnie, Mrs. Morrison, Mrs. Grant The old lady had expected a present from her daughter Myra and was disappointed to receive only a check. The moment when the old lady received only a check for her 80th birthday and she tore it into bits with trembling figures. The story is in the third person. The story is organized through the use of time references. The old lady recalled how Enid died on the operating table and what Myra had done for her afterwards. Blood is thicker than water. Our parents and relatives are more important to us than others. Detailed Reading Setting Characters Plot Climax Point of view Chronological structure Flashback Theme

15. Globe Reading.3.1 Words Scanning Before ReadingGlobal ReadingAfter Reading Johnnie Mrs. Morrison helpful, kind, warm-hearted Mrs. Grant Enid considerate, thoughtful Myra thoughtless Directions: Scan the text and use some adjectives to describe her two daughters’ and neighbors’ attitudes to the old lady. Detailed Reading

16. Globe Reading.3.2 Before ReadingGlobal ReadingAfter Reading Directions: Scan the text again and use some phrases describing the changes of the old lady’s actions and feeling. expectation: get up early; be sure of something; put on best dress; might come concession: even if; send a present another expectation: two spots of color; excited like a child; stand by the window, watching disappointment: feel a pang of disappointment concession: the parcel too large to come by the post complete disappointment: reluctantly; a card; a piece of paper Detailed Reading

17. Globe Reading.4.11 Before ReadingGlobal ReadingAfter Reading For Part 1 & Part 2 1. What her neighbors did for the old lady’s 80th birthday? Mrs. Morrison Mrs. Morrison had given the flat an extra clean yesterday. Today she had brought a card and a bunch of marigolds. Mrs. Grant Mrs. Grant downstairs had made a cake and in the afternoon she was going down there to tea. Johnnie The little boy had been up with a packet of mints and said he wouldn’t go out to play until the post had come. Detailed Reading

18. Globe Reading.4.1.11 Before ReadingGlobal ReadingAfter Reading It is any of several types of flower with a golden-yellow head. Detailed Reading marigolds

19. Globe Reading.4.1.12 Before ReadingGlobal ReadingAfter Reading In England, tea (sometimes called afternoon tea) may be a light meal of black tea with milk, bread and butter or cakes eaten around 5 p.m., or it may be a bigger meal with a cooked dish or cold meat, etc., in addition to bread or cakes. This is called high tea and is usually eaten at about 6 p.m. Detailed Reading tea

20. A: Hello. Is this/that XXX? B: Yes, may I ask who this is? A: … Happy birthday to you! B: Thank you. A: … Globe Reading.4.12 Before ReadingGlobal ReadingAfter Reading 2. Make up a dialogue between the old lady and one of her best friends. They talk through telephone about her birthday. TIP Detailed Reading

21. Globe Reading.4.21 Before ReadingGlobal ReadingAfter Reading For Part 3 Group Discussion 1) Why did the old lady feel so hurt when she got the check from her daughter? 2) How do you understand that blood is thicker than water? A check is impersonal. It symbolizes obligation but with no sincere feelings. Myra regarded her work with strangers as more important than the happiness of her own old mother. It seems that everyone in the neighborhood was aware that the old woman’s 80th birthday fell on that day. They regarded it as an important occasion. By saying “Blood is thicker than water”, we mean that family members or our relatives are more important than others (friends, neighbors, etc.). Not only should we be always considerate and helpful to our family members but also we should take the responsibility or obligation to make them happy. Detailed Reading

22. Article Before ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter Reading They say that blood is thicker than water, that our relatives are more important to us than others. Everyone was so kind to the old lady on her birthday. Surely her daughter would make an even bigger effort to please her?

23. The old lady was proud of Myra, but Enid was the daughter she loved. Enid had never married, but had seemed content to live with her mother, and teach in a primary school round the corner. Article1_S Before ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter Reading It was the old lady’s birthday. The Present She got up early to be ready for the post. From the second floor flat she could see the postman when he came down the street, and the little boy from the ground floor brought up her letters on the rare occasions when anything came. Today she was sure there would be something. Myra wouldn’t forget her mother’s birthday, even if she seldom wrote at other times. Of course Myra was busy. Her husband had been made Mayor, and Myra herself had got a medal for her work for the aged.

24. Article2_S Before ReadingGlobal ReadingAfter Reading One evening, however, Enid said, “I’ve arranged for Mrs. Morrison to look after you for a few days, Mother. Tomorrow I have to go into hospital — just a minor operation. I’ll soon be home.” In the morning she went, but never came back — she died on the operating table. Myra came to the funeral, and in her efficient way arranged for Mrs. Morrison to come in and light the fire and give the old lady her breakfast. Two years ago that was, and since then Myra had been to see her mother three times, but her husband never. The old lady was eighty today. She had put on her best dress. Perhaps — perhaps Myra might come. After all, eighty was a special birthday, another decade lived or endured just as you chose to look at it. Even if Myra did not come, she would send a present. The old lady was sure of that. Two spots of colour brightened her cheeks. She was excited — like a child. She would enjoy her day. Detailed Reading

25. Article3_S Before ReadingGlobal ReadingAfter Reading Yesterday Mrs. Morrison had given the flat an extra clean, and today she had brought a card and a bunch of marigolds when she came to do the breakfast. Mrs. Grant downstairs had made a cake, and in the afternoon she was going down there to tea. The little boy, Johnnie, had been up with a packet of mints, and said he wouldn’t go out to play until the post had come. “I guess you’ll get lots and lots of presents,” he said. “I did last week when I was six.” What would she like? A pair of slippers perhaps. Or a new cardigan. A cardigan would be lovely. Blue’s such a pretty colour. Jim had always liked her in blue. Or a table lamp. Or a book, a travel book, with pictures, or a little clock, with clear black numbers. So many lovely things. Detailed Reading

26. Article4_S Before ReadingGlobal ReadingAfter Reading Then clatter, clatter up the stairs. Johnnie knocked at her door. “Granny, granny,”he shouted, “I’ve got your post.” He gave her four envelopes. Three were unsealed cards from old friends. The fourth was sealed, in Myra’s writing. The old lady felt a pang of disappointment. “No parcel, Johnnie?” “No, granny.” Maybe the parcel was too large to come by letter post. That was it. It would come later by parcel post. She must be patient. She stood by the window, watching. The postman turned round the corner on his bicycle. Her heart beat fast. Johnnie had seen him too and ran to the gate. Detailed Reading

27. Almost reluctantly she tore the envelope open. Folded in the card was a piece of paper. Written on the card was a message under the printed Happy Birthday — Buy yourself something nice with the cheque, Myra and Harold. The cheque fluttered to the floor like a bird with a broken wing. Slowly the old lady stooped to pick it up. Her present, her lovely present. With trembling fingers she tore it into little bits. Article5_S Before ReadingGlobal ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed Reading

28. It was the old lady’s birthday. The Present She got up early to be ready for the post. From the second floor flat she could see the postman when he came down the street, and the little boy from the ground floor brought up her letters on the rare occasions when anything came. Today she was sure there would be something. Myra wouldn’t forget her mother’s birthday, even if she seldom wrote at other times. Of course Myra was busy. Her husband had been made Mayor, and Myra herself had got a medal for her work for the aged. The old lady was proud of Myra, but Enid was the daughter she loved. Enid had never married, but had seemed content to live with her mother, and teach in a primary school round the corner. Article1_S_1 Before ReadingGlobal ReadingAfter Reading What can we learn from this part? The old lady’s daughter and her relatives and friends seldom sent her letters or parcels. If anything did come by post, the boy would bring it up for her. Detailed Reading

29. It was the old lady’s birthday. The Present She got up early to be ready for the post. From the second floor flat she could see the postman when he came down the street, and the little boy from the ground floor brought up her letters on the rare occasions when anything came. Today she was sure there would be something. Myra wouldn’t forget her mother’s birthday, even if she seldom wrote at other times. Of course Myra was busy. Her husband had been made Mayor, and Myra herself had got a medal for her work for the aged. The old lady was proud of Myra, but Enid was the daughter she loved. Enid had never married, but had seemed content to live with her mother, and teach in a primary school round the corner. Article1_S_2 Before ReadingGlobal ReadingAfter Reading 1. Can you guess what kind of work Myra took? Charitable undertaking. 2. What rhetorical device did the author use? Irony. 3. And what can we infer from this part? It is quite ironic that Myra did a lot for the old and helpless in the society while she was so thoughtless for her old mother. Therefore the apparent meaning of this sentence is just the opposite to the intended meaning. Detailed Reading

30. One evening, however, Enid said, “I’ve arranged for Mrs. Morrison to look after you for a few days, Mother. Tomorrow I have to go into hospital — just a minor operation. I’ll soon be home.” In the morning she went, but never came back — she died on the operating table. Myra came to the funeral, and in her efficient way arranged for Mrs. Morrison to come in and light the fire and give the old lady her breakfast. Two years ago that was, and since then Myra had been to see her mother three times, but her husband never. The old lady was eighty today. She had put on her best dress. Perhaps — perhaps Myra might come. After all, eighty was a special birthday, another decade lived or endured just as you chose to look at it. Even if Myra did not come, she would send a present. The old lady was sure of that. Two spots of colour brightened her cheeks. She was excited — like a child. She would enjoy her day. Article2_S_1 Before ReadingGlobal ReadingAfter Reading What does this sentence imply? This is the old lady’s soliloquy( 内心独白 ). She expects Myra to come — she wishes Myra would come — but she has doubts about her coming. The repetition of “perhaps” and the word “might” indicate her uncertainty. Detailed Reading

31. One evening, however, Enid said, “I’ve arranged for Mrs. Morrison to look after you for a few days, Mother. Tomorrow I have to go into hospital — just a minor operation. I’ll soon be home.” In the morning she went, but never came back — she died on the operating table. Myra came to the funeral, and in her efficient way arranged for Mrs. Morrison to come in and light the fire and give the old lady her breakfast. Two years ago that was, and since then Myra had been to see her mother three times, but her husband never. The old lady was eighty today. She had put on her best dress. Perhaps — perhaps Myra might come. After all, eighty was a special birthday, another decade lived or endured just as you chose to look at it. Even if Myra did not come, she would send a present. The old lady was sure of that. Two spots of colour brightened her cheeks. She was excited — like a child. She would enjoy her day. Article2_S_2 Before ReadingGlobal ReadingAfter Reading 1. Paraphrase this sentence. An eightieth birthday is special because not everyone can live so long. It marks the end of a another ten-year period you have lived through or endured, depending on your point of view. “Another decade lived or endured” is an absolute construction, serving as an adverbial of manner. In fact, this is a comment made by the author, reminding the reader that life can be enjoyment or suffering and views on life can be different accordingly. 2. What’s the function of “another decade lived or endured”? 3. Translate the sentence into Chinese. 毕竟 80 寿辰是个非同寻常的日子。你又活了 10 年，或者是熬了 10 年。 是活是熬就在于你怎么看。 Detailed Reading

32. Yesterday Mrs. Morrison had given the flat an extra clean, and today she had brought a card and a bunch of marigolds when she came to do the breakfast. Mrs. Grant downstairs had made a cake, and in the afternoon she was going down there to tea. The little boy, Johnnie, had been up with a packet of mints, and said he wouldn’t go out to play until the post had come. “I guess you’ll get lots and lots of presents,” he said. “I did last week when I was six.” What would she like? A pair of slippers perhaps. Or a new cardigan. A cardigan would be lovely. Blue’s such a pretty colour. Jim had always liked her in blue. Or a table lamp. Or a book, a travel book, with pictures, or a little clock, with clear black numbers. So many lovely things. Article3_S_1 Before ReadingGlobal ReadingAfter Reading What does this sentence mean? There were so many nice things the old woman wanted to have, but she would be very pleased to get any kind of birthday present from her daughter. Detailed Reading

33. Then clatter, clatter up the stairs. Johnnie knocked at her door. “Granny, granny,”he shouted, “I’ve got your post.” He gave her four envelopes. Three were unsealed cards from old friends. The fourth was sealed, in Myra’s writing. The old lady felt a pang of disappointment. “No parcel, Johnnie?” “No, granny.” Maybe the parcel was too large to come by letter post. That was it. It would come later by parcel post. She must be patient. She stood by the window, watching. The postman turned round the corner on his bicycle. Her heart beat fast. Johnnie had seen him too and ran to the gate. Article4_S_1 Before ReadingGlobal ReadingAfter Reading What does this sentence suggest? This suggests that the old lady was listening for the boy’s footsteps in her room, eagerly and attentively. Detailed Reading

34. Then clatter, clatter up the stairs. Johnnie knocked at her door. “Granny, granny,”he shouted, “I’ve got your post.” He gave her four envelopes. Three were unsealed cards from old friends. The fourth was sealed, in Myra’s writing. The old lady felt a pang of disappointment. “No parcel, Johnnie?” “No, granny.” Maybe the parcel was too large to come by letter post. That was it. It would come later by parcel post. She must be patient. She stood by the window, watching. The postman turned round the corner on his bicycle. Her heart beat fast. Johnnie had seen him too and ran to the gate. Article4_S_2 Before ReadingGlobal ReadingAfter Reading What does this sentence imply? Immediately she felt very disappointed and her heart began to ache sharply. Detailed Reading

35. Then clatter, clatter up the stairs. Johnnie knocked at her door. “Granny, granny,”he shouted, “I’ve got your post.” He gave her four envelopes. Three were unsealed cards from old friends. The fourth was sealed, in Myra’s writing. The old lady felt a pang of disappointment. “No parcel, Johnnie?” “No, granny.” Maybe the parcel was too large to come by letter post. That was it. It would come later by parcel post. She must be patient. She stood by the window, watching. The postman turned round the corner on his bicycle. Her heart beat fast. Johnnie had seen him too and ran to the gate. Article4_S_3 Before ReadingGlobal ReadingAfter Reading What does this sentence mean? That was the reason why the parcel had not come yet. “That was it” is an idiomatic expression which often means “That explained what had happened”. Detailed Reading

36. Almost reluctantly she tore the envelope open. Folded in the card was a piece of paper. Written on the card was a message under the printed Happy Birthday — Buy yourself something nice with the cheque, Myra and Harold. The cheque fluttered to the floor like a bird with a broken wing. Slowly the old lady stooped to pick it up. Her present, her lovely present. With trembling fingers she tore it into little bits. Article5_S_1 Before ReadingGlobal ReadingAfter Reading What does this incomplete sentence indicate? This sentence is equal to an imperative structure. It has a special rhetorical function, showing the old lady’s excitement, anger and desperation. Detailed Reading

37. She got up early to be ready for the post. From the second floor flat she could see the postman when he came down the street, and the little boy from the ground floor brought up her letters on the rare occasions when anything came. Today she was sure there would be something. Myra wouldn’t forget her mother’s birthday, even if she seldom wrote at other times. Of course Myra was busy. Her husband had been made Mayor, and Myra herself had got a medal for her work for the aged. It was the old lady’s birthday. The old lady was proud of Myra, but Enid was the daughter she loved. Enid had never married, but had seemed content to live with her mother, and teach in a primary school round the corner. Article1_W Before ReadingGlobal ReadingAfter Reading The Present Detailed Reading

38. Article2_W Before ReadingGlobal ReadingAfter Reading One evening, however, Enid said, “I’ve arranged for Mrs. Morrison to look after you for a few days, Mother. Tomorrow I have to go into hospital — just a minor operation. I’ll soon be home.” In the morning she went, but never came back — she died on the operating table. Myra came to the funeral, and in her efficient way arranged for Mrs. Morrison to come in and light the fire and give the old lady her breakfast. Two years ago that was, and since then Myra had been to see her mother three times, but her husband never. The old lady was eighty today. She had put on her best dress. Perhaps — perhaps Myra might come. After all, eighty was a special birthday, another decade lived or endured just as you chose to look at it. Even if Myra did not come, she would send a present. The old lady was sure of that. Two spots of colour brightened her cheeks. She was excited — like a child. She would enjoy her day. Detailed Reading

39. Article3_W Before ReadingGlobal ReadingAfter Reading Yesterday Mrs. Morrison had given the flat an extra clean, and today she had brought a card and a bunch of marigolds when she came to do the breakfast. Mrs. Grant downstairs had made a cake, and in the afternoon she was going down there to tea. The little boy, Johnnie, had been up with a packet of mints, and said he wouldn’t go out to play until the post had come. “I guess you’ll get lots and lots of presents,” he said. “I did last week when I was six.” What would she like? A pair of slippers perhaps. Or a new cardigan. A cardigan would be lovely. Blue’s such a pretty colour. Jim had always liked her in blue. Or a table lamp. Or a book, a travel book, with pictures, or a little clock, with clear black numbers. So many lovely things. Detailed Reading

40. Article4_W Before ReadingGlobal ReadingAfter Reading She stood by the window, watching. The postman turned round the corner on his bicycle. Her heart beat fast. Johnnie had seen him too and ran to the gate. Detailed Reading Then clatter, clatter up the stairs. Johnnie knocked at her door. “Granny, granny,”he shouted, “I’ve got your post.” He gave her four envelopes. Three were unsealed cards from old friends. The fourth was sealed, in Myra’s writing. The old lady felt a pang of disappointment. “No parcel, Johnnie?” “No, granny.” Maybe the parcel was too large to come by letter post. That was it. It would come later by parcel post. She must be patient.

41. Article5_W Before ReadingGlobal ReadingAfter Reading Almost reluctantly she tore the envelope open. Folded in the card was a piece of paper. Written on the card was a message under the printed Happy Birthday — Buy yourself something nice with the cheque, Myra and Harold. The cheque fluttered to the floor like a bird with a broken wing. Slowly the old lady stooped to pick it up. Her present, her lovely present. With trembling fingers she tore it into little bits. Detailed Reading

42. She got up early to be ready for the post. From the second floor flat she could see the postman when he came down the street, and the little boy from the ground floor brought up her letters on the rare occasions when anything came. Today she was sure there would be something. Myra wouldn’t forget her mother’s birthday, even if she seldom wrote at other times. Of course Myra was busy. Her husband had been made Mayor, and Myra herself had got a medal for her work for the aged. It was the old lady’s birthday. The Present The old lady was proud of Myra, but Enid was the daughter she loved. Enid had never married, but had seemed content to live with her mother, and teach in a primary school round the corner. It was the old lady’s birthday. Article1_W_present Before ReadingGlobal ReadingAfter Reading present: n. gift I’d like to send Mary a wedding present. 那个小女孩把一束花献给女王。 The little girl presented a bouquet to the Queen (=presented the Queen with a bouquet). Collocation: at present 现在 for the present 暂时 v. give; introduce Detailed Reading

43. She got up early to be ready for the post. From the second floor flat she could see the postman when he came down the street, and the little boy from the ground floor brought up her letters on the rare occasions when anything came. Today she was sure there would be something. Myra wouldn’t forget her mother’s birthday, even if she seldom wrote at other times. Of course Myra was busy. Her husband had been made Mayor, and Myra herself had got a medal for her work for the aged. It was the old lady’s birthday. The Present The old lady was proud of Myra, but Enid was the daughter she loved. Enid had never married, but had seemed content to live with her mother, and teach in a primary school round the corner. It was the old lady’s birthday. Article1_W_ready for sth Before ReadingGlobal ReadingAfter Reading ready for sth.: prepared and fit for use 准备好上课了吗？ Are you ready for class? Collocation: be ready to do sth. 准备好做某事 准备听写。 Get ready for dictation. Detailed Reading

44. She got up early to be ready for the post. From the second floor flat she could see the postman when he came down the street, and the little boy from the ground floor brought up her letters on the rare occasions when anything came. Today she was sure there would be something. Myra wouldn’t forget her mother’s birthday, even if she seldom wrote at other times. Of course Myra was busy. Her husband had been made Mayor, and Myra herself had got a medal for her work for the aged. It was the old lady’s birthday. The Present The old lady was proud of Myra, but Enid was the daughter she loved. Enid had never married, but had seemed content to live with her mother, and teach in a primary school round the corner. It was the old lady’s birthday. Article1_W_post Before ReadingGlobal ReadingAfter Reading post: n. letters, parcel, etc. 圣诞节时信件很多。 There is always a lot of post at Christmas. Please post this letter at the post office, don’t post it in the box at the corner. v. take (a letter, parcel) to a post office or put into a collection box for sending Detailed Reading

45. The old lady was proud of Myra, but Enid was the daughter she loved. Enid had never married, but had seemed content to live with her mother, and teach in a primary school round the corner. She got up early to be ready for the post. From the second floor flat she could see the postman when he came down the street, and the little boy from the ground floor brought up her letters on the rare occasions when anything came. Today she was sure there would be something. Myra wouldn’t forget her mother’s birthday, even if she seldom wrote at other times. Of course Myra was busy. Her husband had been made Mayor, and Myra herself had got a medal for her work for the aged. It was the old lady’s birthday. The Present It was the old lady’s birthday. The Present Article1_W_rare.1 Before ReadingGlobal ReadingAfter Reading rare: adj. 1) unusual; not often happening or seen It is rare for her to go out at night. The Tibetans are used to the rare air around the Himalayas. 2) (of a substance, esp. atmosphere) thin, not dense CF: rare, occasional & scarce 这些形容词均含 “ 稀罕的，很少发生的 ” 之意。 occasional 指偶然、间或发生的事，侧重无规律可循。 scarce 指暂时不易发现、不存在或数量不足，供不应求的东西。 rare 指难得发生的事或难遇见的人或事，侧重特殊性。 Detailed Reading

46. She got up early to be ready for the post. From the second floor flat she could see the postman when he came down the street, and the little boy from the ground floor brought up her letters on the rare occasions when anything came. Today she was sure there would be something. Myra wouldn’t forget her mother’s birthday, even if she seldom wrote at other times. Of course Myra was busy. Her husband had been made Mayor, and Myra herself had got a medal for her work for the aged. It was the old lady’s birthday. The Present The old lady was proud of Myra, but Enid was the daughter she loved. Enid had never married, but had seemed content to live with her mother, and teach in a primary school round the corner. It was the old lady’s birthday. Article1_W_rare.2 Before ReadingGlobal ReadingAfter Reading Directions: Fill in the blanks with the words above. Change the form where necessary. 1. Esther used to visit him for the days and weekends. 2. Food was and expensive during the war time. 3. I think it is very to have big families nowadays. 4. I have had mild headaches all my life. occasional _______ rare ____ scarce _____ occasional _______ Detailed Reading

47. She got up early to be ready for the post. From the second floor flat she could see the postman when he came down the street, and the little boy from the ground floor brought up her letters on the rare occasions when anything came. Today she was sure there would be something. Myra wouldn’t forget her mother’s birthday, even if she seldom wrote at other times. Of course Myra was busy. Her husband had been made Mayor, and Myra herself had got a medal for her work for the aged. It was the old lady’s birthday. The Present The old lady was proud of Myra, but Enid was the daughter she loved. Enid had never married, but had seemed content to live with her mother, and teach in a primary school round the corner. It was the old lady’s birthday. Article1_W_occasion Before ReadingGlobal ReadingAfter Reading occasion: n. special event; time when sth. happens Prof. Smith is not a stranger to us. We’ve met him on several occasions. Collocation: on the occasion of 在 … 场合下 on occasion （ = sometimes ）有时 have an occasion to do sth. 有机会做某事 on rare occasion 很少有机会 Detailed Reading

48. She got up early to be ready for the post. From the second floor flat she could see the postman when he came down the street, and the little boy from the ground floor brought up her letters on the rare occasions when anything came. Today she was sure there would be something. Myra wouldn’t forget her mother’s birthday, even if she seldom wrote at other times. Of course Myra was busy. Her husband had been made Mayor, and Myra herself had got a medal for her work for the aged. It was the old lady’s birthday. The Present The old lady was proud of Myra, but Enid was the daughter she loved. Enid had never married, but had seemed content to live with her mother, and teach in a primary school round the corner. It was the old lady’s birthday. Article1_W_make Before ReadingGlobal ReadingAfter Reading make: (followed by an object and complement) cause to be or become They made him Chairman of the Student’s Union. Collocation: make for 走向，向 … 前进 make fun of 取笑 make it 办成功，做到 make out 填写，开列，理解，辨认出 他把他的含意说明白。 He made himself understood. make use of 利用 Detailed Reading

49. She got up early to be ready for the post. From the second floor flat she could see the postman when he came down the street, and the little boy from the ground floor brought up her letters on the rare occasions when anything came. Today she was sure there would be something. Myra wouldn’t forget her mother’s birthday, even if she seldom wrote at other times. Of course Myra was busy. Her husband had been made Mayor, and Myra herself had got a medal for her work for the aged. It was the old lady’s birthday. The Present The old lady was proud of Myra, but Enid was the daughter she loved. Enid had never married, but had seemed content to live with her mother, and teach in a primary school round the corner. It was the old lady’s birthday. Article1_W_content to Before ReadingGlobal ReadingAfter Reading content to (do sth.): pleased to (do sth.); satisfied to (do sth.) Will you be content to wait till tomorrow? Pattern: be content with 满足于 那对老年夫妇似乎对整晚坐在电视机前看电视感到满意。 to one’s heart’s content 心满意足 Detailed Reading The old couple seem content to sit in front of the television all evening.

50. She got up early to be ready for the post. From the second floor flat she could see the postman when he came down the street, and the little boy from the ground floor brought up her letters on the rare occasions when anything came. Today she was sure there would be something. Myra wouldn’t forget her mother’s birthday, even if she seldom wrote at other times. Of course Myra was busy. Her husband had been made Mayor, and Myra herself had got a medal for her work for the aged. It was the old lady’s birthday. The Present The old lady was proud of Myra, but Enid was the daughter she loved. Enid had never married, but had seemed content to live with her mother, and teach in a primary school round the corner. It was the old lady’s birthday. Article1_W_primary Before ReadingGlobal ReadingAfter Reading primary: adj. Primary education is compulsory in our country. Note: for a “primary school”, American people say as “elementary school”. 1) first, as in order, time or place 2) main; first in importance Our history professor explained the primary cause of the First World War. Detailed Reading

51. She got up early to be ready for the post. From the second floor flat she could see the postman when he came down the street, and the little boy from the ground floor brought up her letters on the rare occasions when anything came. Today she was sure there would be something. Myra wouldn’t forget her mother’s birthday, even if she seldom wrote at other times. Of course Myra was busy. Her husband had been made Mayor, and Myra herself had got a medal for her work for the aged. It was the old lady’s birthday. The Present The old lady was proud of Myra, but Enid was the daughter she loved. Enid had never married, but had seemed content to live with her mother, and teach in a primary school round the corner. It was the old lady’s birthday. Article1_W_round Before ReadingGlobal ReadingAfter Reading round (around) the corner: very near; nearby The teaching building is just round the corner. 春节就要到了。 The Spring Festival is just round the corner. Detailed Reading

52. One evening, however, Enid said, “I’ve arranged for Mrs. Morrison to look after you for a few days, Mother. Tomorrow I have to go into hospital — just a minor operation. I’ll soon be home.” In the morning she went, but never came back — she died on the operating table. Myra came to the funeral, and in her efficient way arranged for Mrs. Morrison to come in and light the fire and give the old lady her breakfast. Two years ago that was, and since then Myra had been to see her mother three times, but her husband never. The old lady was eighty today. She had put on her best dress. Perhaps — perhaps Myra might come. After all, eighty was a special birthday, another decade lived or endured just as you chose to look at it. Even if Myra did not come, she would send a present. The old lady was sure of that. Two spots of colour brightened her cheeks. She was excited — like a child. She would enjoy her day. Article2_W_arrange for Before ReadingGlobal ReadingAfter Reading arrange for: make plans in advance about (sth. for sb.); organize for (sth. to be done) We have arranged for the car to come at nine. 他去英国安排儿子的教育事宜。 He went to England to arrange for his boy’s education. Detailed Reading

53. One evening, however, Enid said, “I’ve arranged for Mrs. Morrison to look after you for a few days, Mother. Tomorrow I have to go into hospital — just a minor operation. I’ll soon be home.” In the morning she went, but never came back — she died on the operating table. Myra came to the funeral, and in her efficient way arranged for Mrs. Morrison to come in and light the fire and give the old lady her breakfast. Two years ago that was, and since then Myra had been to see her mother three times, but her husband never. The old lady was eighty today. She had put on her best dress. Perhaps — perhaps Myra might come. After all, eighty was a special birthday, another decade lived or endured just as you chose to look at it. Even if Myra did not come, she would send a present. The old lady was sure of that. Two spots of colour brightened her cheeks. She was excited — like a child. She would enjoy her day. Article2_W_minor Before ReadingGlobal ReadingAfter Reading minor: adj. smaller; less important or serious The house is in good condition; it needs just a few minor repairs. Jim had a minor problem with his car, but he fixed it himself. Detailed Reading

54. One evening, however, Enid said, “I’ve arranged for Mrs. Morrison to look after you for a few days, Mother. Tomorrow I have to go into hospital — just a minor operation. I’ll soon be home.” In the morning she went, but never came back — she died on the operating table. Myra came to the funeral, and in her efficient way arranged for Mrs. Morrison to come in and light the fire and give the old lady her breakfast. Two years ago that was, and since then Myra had been to see her mother three times, but her husband never. The old lady was eighty today. She had put on her best dress. Perhaps — perhaps Myra might come. After all, eighty was a special birthday, another decade lived or endured just as you chose to look at it. Even if Myra did not come, she would send a present. The old lady was sure of that. Two spots of colour brightened her cheeks. She was excited — like a child. She would enjoy her day. Article2_W_operate Before ReadingGlobal ReadingAfter Reading operate: v He has his left knee operated on last Monday. 1. perform surgery; work Do you know how to operate this machine? 2. manage; make…work NB: 以上第一条词义中 operate 作为不及 物动词使用；第二条词义中作为及物 动词使用。 Detailed Reading

55. One evening, however, Enid said, “I’ve arranged for Mrs. Morrison to look after you for a few days, Mother. Tomorrow I have to go into hospital — just a minor operation. I’ll soon be home.” In the morning she went, but never came back — she died on the operating table. Myra came to the funeral, and in her efficient way arranged for Mrs. Morrison to come in and light the fire and give the old lady her breakfast. Two years ago that was, and since then Myra had been to see her mother three times, but her husband never. The old lady was eighty today. She had put on her best dress. Perhaps — perhaps Myra might come. After all, eighty was a special birthday, another decade lived or endured just as you chose to look at it. Even if Myra did not come, she would send a present. The old lady was sure of that. Two spots of colour brightened her cheeks. She was excited — like a child. She would enjoy her day. Article2_W_efficient.1 Before ReadingGlobal ReadingAfter Reading efficient: adj. capable Our organization is a simple and efficient structure. Since you are so busy, you do need a very efficient secretary. effective 侧重产生实际的效果或具有取得预期效果的能力，指人指物都适用。 既然你如此的忙，你确实需要一个很能干的秘书。 CF: effective & efficient 这两个形容词均有 “ 有效的 ” 之意。 efficient 侧重指积极有效，效率高，效果好。指人时，强调其能干、熟练 的技巧。 Detailed Reading

56. One evening, however, Enid said, “I’ve arranged for Mrs. Morrison to look after you for a few days, Mother. Tomorrow I have to go into hospital — just a minor operation. I’ll soon be home.” In the morning she went, but never came back — she died on the operating table. Myra came to the funeral, and in her efficient way arranged for Mrs. Morrison to come in and light the fire and give the old lady her breakfast. Two years ago that was, and since then Myra had been to see her mother three times, but her husband never. The old lady was eighty today. She had put on her best dress. Perhaps — perhaps Myra might come. After all, eighty was a special birthday, another decade lived or endured just as you chose to look at it. Even if Myra did not come, she would send a present. The old lady was sure of that. Two spots of colour brightened her cheeks. She was excited — like a child. She would enjoy her day. Article2_W_efficient.2 Before ReadingGlobal ReadingAfter Reading Directions: Fill in the blanks with the words above. Change the form where necessary. 1. This is a very method. 2. Our new machines are much cheaper to run. 3. Mary turned out to be an secretary. 4. His efforts to improve the school have been very. efficient ______ effective ______ efficient ______ effective ______ Detailed Reading

57. One evening, however, Enid said, “I’ve arranged for Mrs. Morrison to look after you for a few days, Mother. Tomorrow I have to go into hospital — just a minor operation. I’ll soon be home.” In the morning she went, but never came back — she died on the operating table. Myra came to the funeral, and in her efficient way arranged for Mrs. Morrison to come in and light the fire and give the old lady her breakfast. Two years ago that was, and since then Myra had been to see her mother three times, but her husband never. The old lady was eighty today. She had put on her best dress. Perhaps — perhaps Myra might come. After all, eighty was a special birthday, another decade lived or endured just as you chose to look at it. Even if Myra did not come, she would send a present. The old lady was sure of that. Two spots of colour brightened her cheeks. She was excited — like a child. She would enjoy her day. Article2_W_after all Before ReadingGlobal ReadingAfter Reading after all: when everything has been considered; nevertheless Bob thought he couldn’t go to the party because he had too much homework, but he went after all. I think we should let Mary go camping with her classmates. After all, she is a big girl now. 我想我们应该让玛丽与她的同学去野营。毕竟她现在是个大女孩了。 Collocation: all but 几乎，差一点 all in all 总的说来 for all 尽管 above all 首先 all at once 突然 Detailed Reading

58. One evening, however, Enid said, “I’ve arranged for Mrs. Morrison to look after you for a few days, Mother. Tomorrow I have to go into hospital — just a minor operation. I’ll soon be home.” In the morning she went, but never came back — she died on the operating table. Myra came to the funeral, and in her efficient way arranged for Mrs. Morrison to come in and light the fire and give the old lady her breakfast. Two years ago that was, and since then Myra had been to see her mother three times, but her husband never. The old lady was eighty today. She had put on her best dress. Perhaps — perhaps Myra might come. After all, eighty was a special birthday, another decade lived or endured just as you chose to look at it. Even if Myra did not come, she would send a present. The old lady was sure of that. Two spots of colour brightened her cheeks. She was excited — like a child. She would enjoy her day. Article2_W_endure Before ReadingGlobal ReadingAfter Reading endure: v. suffer; bear; put up with The company had to endure heavy financial losses. As a fireman, you must be ready to endure hardships and even suffer death. 作为一名消防队员，你必须准备忍受困苦，甚至 牺牲自己。 Give me a painkiller. I can't endure any longer. Detailed Reading

59. One evening, however, Enid said, “I’ve arranged for Mrs. Morrison to look after you for a few days, Mother. Tomorrow I have to go into hospital — just a minor operation. I’ll soon be home.” In the morning she went, but never came back — she died on the operating table. Myra came to the funeral, and in her efficient way arranged for Mrs. Morrison to come in and light the fire and give the old lady her breakfast. Two years ago that was, and since then Myra had been to see her mother three times, but her husband never. The old lady was eighty today. She had put on her best dress. Perhaps — perhaps Myra might come. After all, eighty was a special birthday, another decade lived or endured just as you chose to look at it. Even if Myra did not come, she would send a present. The old lady was sure of that. Two spots of colour brightened her cheeks. She was excited — like a child. She would enjoy her day. Article2_W_choose to Before ReadingGlobal ReadingAfter Reading choose to: decide to; prefer to You may do just as you choose to. You can improve your listening comprehension if you choose to. Detailed Reading

60. One evening, however, Enid said, “I’ve arranged for Mrs. Morrison to look after you for a few days, Mother. Tomorrow I have to go into hospital — just a minor operation. I’ll soon be home.” In the morning she went, but never came back — she died on the operating table. Myra came to the funeral, and in her efficient way arranged for Mrs. Morrison to come in and light the fire and give the old lady her breakfast. Two years ago that was, and since then Myra had been to see her mother three times, but her husband never. The old lady was eighty today. She had put on her best dress. Perhaps — perhaps Myra might come. After all, eighty was a special birthday, another decade lived or endured just as you chose to look at it. Even if Myra did not come, she would send a present. The old lady was sure of that. Two spots of colour brightened her cheeks. She was excited — like a child. She would enjoy her day. Article2_W_spot Before ReadingGlobal ReadingAfter Reading spot: It is difficult to get rid of spots of ink and blood. He happened to be on the spot when the robbery took place. v. mark different in color from what it is on; stain n. a particular place 抢劫案发生时他碰巧在场。 Detailed Reading

61. Yesterday Mrs. Morrison had given the flat an extra clean, and today she had brought a card and a bunch of marigolds when she came to do the breakfast. Mrs. Grant downstairs had made a cake, and in the afternoon she was going down there to tea. The little boy, Johnnie, had been up with a packet of mints, and said he wouldn’t go out to play until the post had come. “I guess you’ll get lots and lots of presents,” he said. “I did last week when I was six.” What would she like? A pair of slippers perhaps. Or a new cardigan. A cardigan would be lovely. Blue’s such a pretty colour. Jim had always liked her in blue. Or a table lamp. Or a book, a travel book, with pictures, or a little clock, with clear black numbers. So many lovely things. Article3_W_extra Before ReadingGlobal ReadingAfter Reading extra: adj. additional They did a lot of extra work but refused to take any extra pay. Detailed Reading

62. She stood by the window, watching. The postman turned round the corner on his bicycle. Her heart beat fast. Johnnie had seen him too and ran to the gate. Then clatter, clatter up the stairs. Johnnie knocked at her door. “Granny, granny,”he shouted, “I’ve got your post.” He gave her four envelopes. Three were unsealed cards from old friends. The fourth was sealed, in Myra’s writing. The old lady felt a pang of disappointment. “No parcel, Johnnie?” “No, granny.” Maybe the parcel was too large to come by letter post. That was it. It would come later by parcel post. She must be patient. She stood by the window, watching. The postman turned round the corner on his bicycle. Her heart beat fast. Johnnie had seen him too and ran to the gate. Article4_W_disappoint Before ReadingGlobal ReadingAfter Reading disappoint: v. fail to fulfill the hope of (a person) He was disappointed to hear/at hearing that she would not come that day. Work hard. Don’t disappoint your parents. 努力工作，不要让你父母失望。 Collocation: feel/express disappointment 感到 / 表达失望 to one’s disappointment 令某人失望的是 be disappointed about/at/with sth. 对某事失望 be disappointed in/with sb. 对某人失望 Detailed Reading

63. Almost reluctantly she tore the envelope open. Folded in the card was a piece of paper. Written on the card was a message under the printed Happy Birthday — Buy yourself something nice with the cheque, Myra and Harold. The cheque fluttered to the floor like a bird with a broken wing. Slowly the old lady stooped to pick it up. Her present, her lovely present. With trembling fingers she tore it into little bits. Article5_W_reluctantly Before ReadingGlobal ReadingAfter Reading reluctantly: adj. unwillingly Almost reluctantly she picked up the phone. Detailed Reading

64. Almost reluctantly she tore the envelope open. Folded in the card was a piece of paper. Written on the card was a message under the printed Happy Birthday — Buy yourself something nice with the cheque, Myra and Harold. The cheque fluttered to the floor like a bird with a broken wing. Slowly the old lady stooped to pick it up. Her present, her lovely present. With trembling fingers she tore it into little bits. Article5_W_fold Before ReadingGlobal ReadingAfter Reading fold: v. bend into two or more parts After writing the letter, Mary folded it and put it in an envelope. Collocation: folding doors/chairs/beds/boats 折叠门 / 椅 / 床 / 船 Detailed Reading

65. Almost reluctantly she tore the envelope open. Folded in the card was a piece of paper. Written on the card was a message under the printed Happy Birthday — Buy yourself something nice with the cheque, Myra and Harold. The cheque fluttered to the floor like a bird with a broken wing. Slowly the old lady stooped to pick it up. Her present, her lovely present. With trembling fingers she tore it into little bits. Article5_W_pick up Before ReadingGlobal ReadingAfter Reading pick up: 1) take hold of and lift 2) catch 3) gain; acquire 4) give sb. a ride in a vehicle (ask the students to match ) Where did you that cold? Please all these pieces of paper. I’ll you at your college gate at three; don’t be late. He English while he was staying in London. 2 1 4 3 pick up pick up picked up Detailed Reading

66. Almost reluctantly she tore the envelope open. Folded in the card was a piece of paper. Written on the card was a message under the printed Happy Birthday — Buy yourself something nice with the cheque, Myra and Harold. The cheque fluttered to the floor like a bird with a broken wing. Slowly the old lady stooped to pick it up. Her present, her lovely present. With trembling fingers she tore it into little bits. Article5_W_tremble Before ReadingGlobal ReadingAfter Reading tremble: vi. shake; move to and from 那老头签字时手在颤抖。 Detailed Reading The old man’s hand trembled when he signed his name. Her voice trembled with excitement.

67. After Reading_main Before ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter Reading 1. Useful Expressions 2. Word Matching 3. Summary 4. Listening Comprehension 5. Role-Play 6. Talk about the Pictures 7. Writing Practice 8. Proverbs and Quotations

68. After Reading_ 1.1 1. 血浓于水 2. 做出更大努力 3. 难得 / 偶尔 4. 由于 … 而获奖章 5. 在附近 6. 小手术 7. 生火 8. 一束万寿菊 blood is thicker than water make an even bigger effort on rare occasions get a medal for round the corner a minor operation light a fire a bunch of marigolds Useful Expressions Before ReadingGlobal ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed Reading

69. After Reading_ 1.2 9. 一种好看的颜色 10. 台灯 11. 站在窗口 12. 感到一阵失望的痛楚 13. 撕开信封 14. 像只断了翅膀的小鸟 15. 用颤抖的手指 16. 撕成碎片 a pretty color a table lamp stand by the window feel a pang of disappointment tear the envelope open like a bird with a broken wing with trembling fingers tear…into little bits Before ReadingGlobal ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed Reading

70. After Reading_2 Directions: Match the words of American English in the left column to those of British English in the right one. Word Matching Before ReadingGlobal ReadingAfter Reading American English apartment can check elevator fall movie post subway taxi the first floor tire British English 1. autumn 2. cab 3. cheque 4. film 5. flat 6. lift 7. mail 8. the ground floor 9. tin 10. tube/underground 11. tyre 5 9 3 6 1 4 7 10 8 11 2 Detailed Reading

71. to be ready for the post After Reading_3 It was the old lady’s birthday. She got up early ( 静心等候邮件 ). She ( 肯定 ) her daughter would not forgot her mother’s birthday, ( 尽管她在别的时候很少写信 ). ( 不管怎么说，八十大寿非同一般 ). However, her daughter sent her a check instead of a gift. She was so disappointed that ( 她用颤抖的手把支票撕了个粉碎 ). Summary Before ReadingGlobal ReadingAfter Reading __________ was sure even if she seldom wrote at other times _______________________ __________ _________ birthday After all, eighty was a special ________________________ _______ she tore it into little bits with trembling fingers ___________________ __________________ Detailed Reading

72. After Reading_4.1 Listening Comprehension Old folks in America 1. What is the major difference between elderly people in China and America? 2. What is the prime source of instability? 3. Why are the elderly people reluctant to move with their children? 4. What do they do instead? 5. What do you think of the viewpoint presented in this article? Before ReadingGlobal ReadingAfter Reading ■ script Detailed Reading

73. After Reading_4.2 Before ReadingGlobal ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed Reading Our students often point out differences between elderly people in China and America. In China, for example, it is common for three or four generations to be living under one roof, whereas in the United States this arrangement is quite rare. The family as a voluntary association of individuals who stay together and care for one other is being eroded by many factors in American culture. One prime source of instability is that people can move as often as they wish without getting permission from anyone. All they need is enough money first to make the move and then to rent or buy an apartment or house in the new location. Companies make full use of this freedom, transferring valued employees from one coast to the other, or to anywhere in between. Some Americans may attach greater importance to success in their careers than the Chinese do, and as a result may be more willing to sacrifice emotional and family ties for economic or professional advancement. As China has opened to the outside world, we note that many Chinese have begun to show a similar willingness to subordinate family and friendships to career.

74. After Reading_4.3 Before ReadingGlobal ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed Reading If younger Americans move around so freely, does that mean their parents often relocate to remain near them? No. In spite of their potential mobility, most retired parents will not move just to be close to their children. The majority of older people in the United States, in fact, prefer not to live with their children — they like to be independent. Older people also value the friendships they have established through their jobs and with their hometown neighbors. In other cases, home ownership and the stress of selling a home and becoming established in a strange place may explain why older people don't follow their children. One thing is clear: most would rather visit their children, even several times a year, than dwell permanently with them.

75. A: Hi, Myra. Welcome to our program. B: Hi, it is my pleasure. A: I know you have done a lot for the aged. Could you tell us something about that? B:... … A: I heard that today is your mother’s eightieth birthday. How do you celebrate it? B: … … After Reading_5 Role-Play Work in pairs. Student A acts as a host/hostess in a talk show program of a TV channel while student B as Myra in the text. Student A asks student B several questions about what she has done for the aged and then about the old lady’s birthday. Before ReadingGlobal ReadingAfter Reading TIP Detailed Reading

76. After Reading_ 6.1 Before ReadingGlobal ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed Reading Talk about the Pictures

77. After Reading_ 6.2 Before ReadingGlobal ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed Reading

78. After Reading_ 6.3 Before ReadingGlobal ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed Reading

79. After Reading_ 6.4 Before ReadingGlobal ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed Reading

80. After Reading_ 6.5 Before ReadingGlobal ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed Reading

81. A Brief Introduction 1 ． It is true that being terse is one of the most important principles in writing. But, it does not mean that you should always write simple and short sentences, which would make your writing too monotonous. 2 ． It is advisable to use longer and more complex sentence patterns now and then in order to achieve variation. Subordination is just one way of doing that. 3 ． Examples * Myra wouldn’t forget her mother’s birthday, even if she seldom wrote at other times. * She had brought a card and a bunch of marigolds when she came to do the breakfast. * Chichester did it all by himself, even after the main steering device had been damaged by gales. After Reading_ 7.1 Subordination: Combining two simple sentences by turning one of them into a subordinate clause Writing Practice Before ReadingGlobal ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed Reading

82. Homework Directions: Combine the following two simple sentences by turning one of them into a subordinate clause. Make changes where necessary. After Reading_ 7.2 Before ReadingGlobal ReadingAfter Reading 1 ． Police have not been able to find out the man. The man was responsible for the robbery. Police have not been able to find out who was responsible for the robbery. 2 ． The woman is cared for by relative. The woman needs constant attention. The woman, who needs constant attention, is cared for by relative. 3 ． Conditions are available at the travel agency. Conditions apply to your flight. Conditions which apply to your flight are available at the travel agency. 4 ． Sometimes a teacher will be listened to. A parent might not be listened to. Sometimes a teacher will be listened to, while a parent might not. Detailed Reading

83. After Reading_ 7.3 Before ReadingGlobal ReadingAfter Reading 7 ． Cynthia is not ashamed of what she does. She ends up doing something wrong. Cynthia is not ashamed of what she does, even if she ends up doing something wrong. 8 ． In my case I chose that course. I considered it right. In my case I chose that course which I considered right. 5 ． I had been gardening for nearly ten years. Then I met the Gills. When I met the Gills I had been gardening for nearly ten years. 6 ． He is very attractive. He is certainly not a lady-killer. He is very attractive, though certainly not a lady-killer. Detailed Reading

84. After Reading_8.1 Proverbs and Quotations 1 ． A mother’s love never changes. 母爱永远不移。 2 ． People who don’t cherish their elderly have forgotten whence they came and whither they go. 不敬老人的人忘了他们是从哪儿来的，又将到哪儿去。 3 ． Love makes the world go round. 爱使世界转动。 Before ReadingGlobal ReadingAfter Reading 4 ． All I am, or can be, I owe to my angel mother. — Abraham Lincoln, American president 我之所有，我之所能，都归功于我天使般的母亲。 — 美国总统 林肯 Detailed Reading

85. After Reading_8.2 5 ． Happy are the families where the government of parents is the reign of affection, and obedience of the children the submission to love. — Francis Bacon, British philosopher 6. How sharper than a serpent's tooth is to have a thankless child. — William Shakespeare, British dramatist 幸福的家庭，父母靠慈爱当家，孩子也是出于对父母的爱而顺从大人。 — 英国哲学家 F · 培根 逆子无情甚于蛇蝎。 — 英国剧作家 W· 莎士比亚 Before ReadingGlobal ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed Reading