1. For each picture write down the first thing that comes to your mind… There is no wrong answer! http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jVbk z_3lO3c

8. What is Genocide? The systematic killing of a group of people on the basis of a defining characteristic (religion, race, ethnicity, etc) The systematic killing of a group of people on the basis of a defining characteristic (religion, race, ethnicity, etc) OR the deliberate murder of a certain group of people OR the deliberate murder of a certain group of people Geneva Convention (1948)…Countries wanted to ensure another genocide would not occur so many met to define characteristics of a genocide Geneva Convention (1948)…Countries wanted to ensure another genocide would not occur so many met to define characteristics of a genocide

9. Genocide Characteristics a)Killing members of a group; Causing serious bodily injury or mental harm b)Creating living conditions with the intent to bring about the group’s destruction c)Imposing measures to prevent births within the group d)Forcibly transferring children of the group to another group Any country that determines genocide is occurring must act to stop it.

10. Genocide in History Europe (Holocaust) Europe (Holocaust) Chechnya Chechnya Cambodia – Pol Pot Cambodia – Pol Pot Native Americans Native Americans Somalia Somalia Rwanda Rwanda Sudan Sudan

12. Why does Africa have so many incidents of Genocide? Answers may vary Answers may vary – Lack of education: No other alternative known – Imperialism: Africa was divided by Europeans, no regards to ethnic tensions

13. Rwanda A Story of Genocide

14. Background Hutus Majority - 80% “More black looking” Migrated from southern Africa Hutus found themselves as laborers and farmers Tutsis Minority - 20% “More white looking” Migrated from Northern Africa (Egypt) Educated elite and political rulers Two ethnic groups in Rwanda: Hutu and Tutsis lived peacefully until the Europeans arrived

15. Background Belgium took it over in 1918 from Germany Put Tutsis in charge Handed out “ethnic identity cards” Education only open to Tutsis Hutus could only be laborers or low level workers

16. Independence Belgium decides to leave Rwanda and grants independence to Rwanda Hutu majority took control Hutu persecuted/killed the Tutsis because of years of resentment and former horrible treatment…payback time Many Tutsis move to neighboring countries for safety

17. Assassination and Civil War Tutsis rebel group formed in neighboring countries and invaded Rwanda Hutu president decides to compromise with Tutsis and agrees to share power 2500 United Nations troops sent to Rwanda to help keep peace Unhappy with power sharing agreement, Hutu extremists start planning genocide On April 6, 1994, Rwandan President is assassinated Hutu extremists begin killing Tutsis and blame them for the murder of their president…civil war has broken out and the genocide begins!

18. Rwanda (1994) Rwanda (1994) Deaths: 800,000 to over 1million REMEMBER: Tutsis = whiter looking, educated while the Hutus = blacker looking, laborers Hutus attacked Tutsis over past discrimination Attacked with garden tools, machetes, and household items Hutu civilians had to kill neighbors and family members

19. The Genocide Although the killing was performed mostly by machetes, it was carried out at dazzling speed: of an original population of about 7.5 million, at least 800,000 people were killed in about 100 days. The dead of Rwanda accumulated at nearly 3 times the rate of Jewish dead in the Holocaust. It is one of the most efficient mass killings in the history of the world

20. Global Unresponsiveness No political or economic interests Little press coverage Lack of public support Racism –Bloodshed in Africa not unusual Not willing to make financial sacrifices Feared calling it genocide

21. Hotel Rwanda and Paul Rusesabagina Hutu Wife and children were Tutsi Manager of the Mille Collines Hotel Used his power to hide Tutsis in his hotel Saved over 1200 people

22. Genocide Vocabulary Perpetrators- those people or groups of people carrying out genocide Bystanders- those people or groups of people that do not intervene and allow a genocide Rescuers- those people or groups of people that intervene to relieve or stop a genocide

23. Movie Time!!! Hotel Rwanda with video questions

24. Post Genocide Ended in the summer of 1994 NO govt to run hospitals, schools, shelters, food programs, or factories NO public utilities like telephones, electricity, or water NO leaders – most killed or fled Govt in chaos and people have no help

25. Post Genocide Survivors are scattered Families gone Villages destroyed Orphans with no one to care for them Thousands lost homes and land 3.5 million (mostly Hutus) fled to neighboring countries – living in refugee camps…how do they get home? Do they go home?

26. Rwandan Refugee Camp

27. Responses and Rebuilding International aid groups gave food and shelter 1994, Rwandan Patriotic Front (military that ended the genocide) established a new govt “Government of National Unity” They worked with 7 other political parties to rebuild education, health, and economic systems Also created the Genocide Survivors Fund and Human Rights Commission (help survivors and ensure all people get their basic rights) In 2000, Major General Paul Kagame became the 5 th president of Rwanda and a new flag was revealed in 2001

28. Lessons Learned In 1994, UN Secretary General admitted that the international community failed the people of Rwanda In 1998, President Clinton apologized for not responding International call for a system to identify potential genocides in the earliest stage and to intervene…Sudan today