1. Respiratory protection September 15 th 2010

2. Control Respiratory protection Significant reliance on PPE Excellent practices/procedures required to be effective Pillars of industrial hygiene control

3. P r e f e r e n c e Hierarchy of controls Elimination Substitution Containment Engineering means: –LEV, dilution ventilation Administrative and work practices modification Personal protective equipment Desired Undesired

4. Flow Hazard information compounds (identification) + Chemical risk assessment & air monitoring (evaluation) = Controls required to protect employees

5. Very common RPE findings Selection not based on risk/risk assessment Worn incorrectly or not at all or only a part of the activity or removed too soon Operator chooses type they like Stored in area where would get contaminated Damaged Operators not trained in use Managers do not enforce use Interference from other PPE Over confidence in amount of protection Lack of procedures

6. SCBA: site has 3 SCBAs - 2 seem to be out for maintenance - 1 left on site we ask to put on - bottle seems to be empty SCBA site bought some new SCBAs - we ask to put on - after 7 minutes not done yet Hygiene masks: employees confuse hygiene masks with dust masks Use mask for powders to protect against powders Very common RPE findings - examples last weeks

7. Respiratory protection

8. Toxicity Worker Comfort Convenience IndividualSensitivity WorkRate ExposureTime Cost Use RPE only when it is needed Take Care: If you insist on RPE being used when there is clearly a low risk, it may not be used when it is really needed Remember to get the balance right

9. © Johnson & Johnson

16. How particle filters work Particles may be stopped by –Mechanical interception (1) –Sedimentation (1) –Impaction (1) –Diffusion (2) –Electrostatic attraction (2) 3M 12

17. Filter performance is specified for particles of this size (worst case)

18. Respirator total inward leakage- particles Filter Type Half Face Mask SealFilterTIL P12%20%22% P22%6%8% P32%0.05%2% Total Inward Leakage TIL = Sum of inward leakage through face seal and through filter material Filter Type Full Face Mask SealFilterTIL P10.05%20% P20.05%6% P30.05% 0.1% Assigned Protection Factor = 1/TIL APF = 1000 APF = 12.5

19. How gas/vapour filters work The gas /vapour passes through a suitable filter material such as activated charcoal It is absorbed fully, much like water in a sponge, until the filter reaches capacity This is called “break-through”

20. Filter Type Half Face Mask Seal Leakage Filter Leakage Total Inward Leakage All filters2%0%2% Total Inward Leakage TIL = Sum of inward leakage through face seal and through filter material Filter Type Full Face Mask Seal Leakage Filter Leakage Total Inward Leakage All filters0.05%0%0.05% Respirator total inward leakage- gases/vapours APF = 2000

21. © Johnson & Johnson

28. Effect of not wearing mask all the time Wearing RPE of PF 50 for half the exposed time gives effective protection of 2 - not 25

29. Effect of not wearing mask all the time RPE must be worn all the time to get full benefit Example: Exposure100 micrograms/m 3 during 1 hour OEL5 micrograms/m 3 Protection factor respirator50 Average exposure employee over 1 h when respirator worn during 1 hour (= total duration activity) 100 micograms/m 3 /50 = 2 micrograms/m 3 < OEL Avergae exposure employee over 1 h when respirator worn during 0.5 hour (= half duration activity) (100 micrograms/m 3 * 0.5 h)/50) + (100 micrograms/m 3 * 0.5) = 51 > OEL

30. Effect of removing RPE too soon Small particles, like API’s, move like gases and vapours Finer particles are removed in exhaust ventilation Larger API particles settle out near the source, over time As a rule of thumb, allow 15 minutes for gas/vapours and particles to be dissipated before removing RPE Distance from source

31. Effect of removing RPE too soon C o = initial contamination concentration Q = airflow (m 3 s -1 ) V = volume of ventilated space (m 3 ) t = time (s) R = ventilation rate (Q/v)

32. 32 Results evaluation: input for PPE chart (control)

33. © Johnson & Johnson Let’s quiz

34. © Johnson & Johnson

37. Conclusions and Q&A