1. Emerging Technologies for Biosolids Management
I hope you are well rested from lunch because this will be a riveting presentation!!
Orange County Sanitation District

2. OCSD Service Area. 471. square miles. 243. million gallons per day. 2
OCSD Service Area 471 square miles 243 million gallons per day 2.5 million population 25 member agencies pumping facilities
Orange County
La Habra
Brea
Fullerton
Yorba Linda
Buena
Placentia
Park
La Palma
Anaheim
Cypress
Villa
Park
Los
Stanton
Alamitos
Orange
Garden Grove
Seal
Westminster
Beach
Santa Ana
OCSD Service Area Facts
471 square miles
2.5 million people
21 cities, 3 special districts
2 treatment plants
243 mgd
580 miles of sewer lines – 5,000 miles of city-owned
17 pumping stations – over 100 city-owned
Discharge to ocean
120-inch, 5-mile outfall
78-inch, 1-mile emergency outfall
Fountain
Tustin
Valley
Huntington
Beach
Reclamation
Costa
Mesa
Plant No. 1
Irvine
Newport
Treatment
Beach
Pacific
Plant No. 2
Ocean
Outfall Pipe

3. Wastewater Treatment Basics
Source Control & Disinfection & Collections System Treatment + Ocean Release
Chlorination / Dechlorination
Preliminary
Primary
Secondary
Treatment basics:
source control: control toxics at the source (pollution prevention)
primary treatment (100%): remove solids
secondary treatment (50%): remove dissolved organic material
Today we have a 50/50 blend of primary and secondary effluent
Since Aug 2002 began disinfecting with bleach to remove bacteria and viruses
New and improved OCSD will have 100% secondary treatment
243 million gallons per day (MGD)
5-10 MGD
to Orange County Water District water reclamation
Biosolids Recycling

4. Water Reclamation Project Groundwater Replenishment System
OCSD Enhanced Source Control
Reverse Osmosis
Ultraviolet Light
Microfiltration
Purified Water
OCSD
Secondary Treated Effluent
Backwash
OCSD
Brine
Ocean Discharge
(hydrogen
peroxide
added)
Recharge Basins

5. Full Secondary Standards for OCSD Wastewater Treatment
Balance societal / policy decision with increased solids production and biosolids management

6. Biosolids Production 7,800 trucks = 196,000 tons / yr
trucks / day (537 tons)
TODAY
9,000 trucks = 240,000 tons / yr
Secondary Ramp Up 26 trucks / day
(658 tons)
2013
Full Secondary On-Line 34 trucks / day
(850 tons)
12,400 trucks = 310,000 tons / yr

7. Biosolids Management

8. Homes, Businesses & Restaurants Pretreatment (Source Control)
Preliminary
Primary
Secondary
Composting
Digesters
Explain Treatment Process – Biosolids Diagram
1. Sewer pipes carry wastewater away from homes, business and factories
2. Pretreatment (Source Control) Source control inspectors monitor what is released into the sewer by business and industry.
3. Preliminary Treatment Processes Wastewater enters the treatment plant and is sent through screens that collect and remove large objects - like rags, rocks and even bicycles and bowling balls. It then flows into grit chambers where the heaviest materials, such as egg shells, coffee grounds and sand settle.
4. Advanced Primary Treatment Process In advanced primary treatment chemicals to increase settling are added, the heavy materials in the wastewater sink to the bottom of large settling tanks and are eventually separated from the wastewater.
5. Secondary Treatment Primary treated wastewater is pumped to basins where microorganisms eat the remaining organic solids.
6. Digesters Solids are sent to digesters where they naturally decompose for days at 98 degrees. Good germs eat the pathogens. Half of the materials are converted to methane gases and sent to our energy recovery centers in our plant.
7. Dewatering Treatment, Distribution & Transportation The remaining biosolids are then dewatered to a 23 percent solid material, with a cake like consistency called biosolids. Biosolids are loaded into trucks, covered and transported. Biosolids are sent to farmers for dispersal on to the land or to composting centers to be processed.
8. Land Application Biosolids arrive and are applied to the land using very specific handling requirements. Federal, state and local guidelines regulate land application.
9. Composting Centers Biosolids are combined with grass clippings, yard trimmings, brush, branches, wood chips or other similar materials to produce a class A compost that are sold in home improvement centers, or used on lawns, parks etc.
Land Application
Dewatering, Distribution & Transportation

9. Biosolids Process Diagram
Solids Treatment & Biosolids Production
Wastewater Treatment
Recycling/
Energy Production
Biosolids Management

10. History of Biosolids Management
1990’s Fertilizing Farms with Biosolids
1980s Ocean Disposal and Landfill
1990s Composting and Class B Land Application
2000s Land Application of Class A and Marketable Products
2000’s Products / Technologies / Markets: Compost, Pellets, Energy

11. Federal Clean Water Act Section 503 “Class A” vs. “Class B”
Biosolids meet basic treatment requirements
Pathogen and vector attraction reduction
< 2,000,000 MPN/g fecal coliform
Class A
Biosolids receive additional treatment
< 1,000 MPN/g fecal coliform

12. Current Biosolids Distribution
18% Tule Ranch Class A: Farmland Lime-Stabilized
Kern County, CA NV CA
Late 2008 EnerTech Class A: Char Fuel San Bernardino County, CA AZ
45% Synagro Class A: Compost
Kern County, CA
0% Tule Ranch Class B: Landfill (Fail-safe backup)
Maricopa County, AZ
Phoenix
OCSD
Our biosolids are traveling on average miles to be recycled.
The new Energy option coming on line in late is less than 60 miles away and we are trending towards more local options because we see them as sustainable for the long-term even if they cost more.
We’ve had too many people outraged at public hearings saying “if it’s such a great product, why don’t you use it in your backyard!?”
Show Close cities on printed maps
Phoenix, Tucson, Flagstaff (upper middle of state)
Laughlin, NV at tip
Maybe add Riverside & San Bern major city to map too
Tucson
7% Synagro Class A: Compost
Riverside County, CA La Paz County, AZ
30% Tule Ranch Class B: Land Application
Yuma County, AZ
Rev 7/2008

13. Management Cost: All Three Compared
Landfill
-$2.25 per
Household in 2020
Baseline - Energy
Total Biosolids Program Costs ($ Millions)
Deep-well
-$5 per
Household in 2020
2000
2010
2020

14. Local Ordinance Bans Are Spreading. . .
Banned
Restrictions
1999
2001
2003
Limited
You can see the spreading of the bans. More red seen in California. Where do we reuse this product in the future?
Turn over to Bob G…

15. How do we develop a sustainable program despite…
Public Perception
How do we develop a sustainable program despite…
Option Uncertainty
Regulatory Changes
Changing Regs = Moving Target?
Increasing option sustainability uncertainty
Price instability
Continually evolving regulatory climate
Public perception driving local policy
No “one size fits all” solution
How do we develop a sustainable program?
Price Instability

16. Lessons for Sustainability
Manage / recycle organics close to home
Balance triple bottom line carefully:
Societal, Environmental, Financial
Diversity!
Product mentality vs. Waste mentality

17. “Scope” of Biosolids EMS

18. Long-Term Biosolids Management Plan Final Version, December 2003 Search: biosolids plan on
Final Version, December 2003 Search: biosolids plan on

19. Linked Elements of Plan “Non-Traditional” or “Reverse” Engineering?
Markets
Vendors & Product Technologies
Treatment Improvements

20. Construction Materials Nurseries and Ornamentals
Top 6 Long-Term Markets
Construction Materials
Retail Outlets
Nurseries and Ornamentals
OCSD Member Cities & Agencies (open space)
Cropping and Noncropping (pink)
Ranked each market using 20 weighted criteria
Criteria included … Odor potential Market size and strength Public perception issues
Regulations
The top five long term markets are:
Horticulture - Blending and Bagging for Retail Outlets
Horticulture - Ornamental & Nurseries
Horticulture – OCSD Member Cities and Agencies
Direct Energy Production
Silviculture - Shade Trees Programs
Shade Tree Programs
Energy Production

21. Top 6 Product Technologies
Composting
Chemically Stabilized
Heat Treatment (soil dryer)
20 Criteria Used to Rate Technologies
5 Main Areas:
Protect public health and environment
System reliability
Cost efficiency
Implementability
Product marketability
Step 3 - Selection of Top 6 Technologies
Ranked each market using 20 weighted criteria
Criteria included … Odor potential Market size and strength Public perception issues
Regulations
Heat Drying (on- or off-site drying pelletizer)
Energy Fuels
Energy Incineration

22. Long-Term Sustainability = Diversification
Multiple Technologies
Multiple Contractors
Multiple Products / Markets
Failsafe Options
A key part of the plan recommend that OCSD also continue and expand a diversified program for long-term sustainability. Don’t put all the eggs in one basket.
Multiple Options = Diversification
Production Sites:
Limit 1/3 total any one facility
Up to 50% peak capacity
Vendors:
Max ½ total production to any vendor
50% temp provisions with each vendor
Markets:
Max ½ total production to a market
Up to 50% backup alternative markets
Use a diverse market program
Maintain failsafe, or backup options
Continue policy of 100% reuse
Limit market participation to one-half its material
Limit production facility participation to one-third the material to any one production facility
Limit vendors to a maximum of one-half the material produced from OCSD
Include provisions for temporary deliveries of up to two-thirds of the material produced from the treatment plants with all vendors
Require vendors to fully comply with the District’s Environmental Management System (EMS)
Maintain at least three different product manufacturing options at any given time.
Attain and maintain failsafe options to manage at least 100% of the District’s biosolids

23. Public Participation Biosolids Advisory Committee

24. EnerTech Environmental www.enertech.com
Case Study 1
EnerTech Environmental

25. Energy (Fuel) Market
EnerTech is the vendor recommended by the RFP Selection Committee and the BAC
We believe this is a company that is well positioned to deliver the project and help move the District toward its strategic goal of diversity and sustainability for the biosolids management program
They’ve put together a strong team of partners to back the project
They have the financial wherewithal to see it through

26. Burn Fuel for Cement Factory Kilns
EnerTech Technology
100% product used
Certified, renewable energy
Most expensive
Strong environmental, social benefits
Processes Biosolids
Coal-Like Pellets
Why is staff and the BAC recommending EnerTech?
This Project will provide OCSD with diversity (a new vendor, in a new market, using a new technology as it relates to biosolids),
beneficial reuse—consistent with Board policy, sustainability over the long-term—goal of our long term plan .
Reduces our dependence on the agriculture-based land application methods that are receiving so much political heat in the central valley and Sacramento
The EnerTech technology creates a char—coal-like pellet—that is burned as a fuel
The Pellets created at the EnerTech facility will be trucked to the Mitsubishi Cement plant in the Lucerne Valley
There they will be burned as fuel in the cement factory kilns that are used to produce produce portland cement
Burn Fuel for Cement Factory Kilns

27. In-basin, regional facility 150–300 miles closer than other options
Benefits local officials who are supportive
EnerTech Location – Rialto
10 & 215 frwy
40-mile radius circle
About 50 mile trip from our plants to the Rialto facility; roughly same distance to from Rialto to Lucerne Valley (Apple Valley area)

28. Case Study 2
Encouraging Biosolids Compost Use in Orange County Search: compost on

29. Open Space in Orange County
Biosolids Compost could annually amend 17,000 of the 138,000 open-space acres in Orange County!
Courtesy of LAFCO

30. What is Biosolids Compost?
Naturally decomposed biosolids, wood & paper
High-quality soil amendment
a.k.a. nitro humus
Nitrogen-rich topsoil / gardening product
Kellogg & OMNI use as base product
by 2007 OCSD biosolids will be OMNI Compost bags sold at local WalMarts

31. Compost Use Benefits Saves money Builds healthy soils Conserves water
Reduces runoff
Improves water quality
Conserves water
Reduces need for chemical fertilizers
water retention
saves money -- reduces need for chemical fertilizer

32. Protecting Water Quality with Compost
Superior erosion control
Address stormwater regulation needs
EPA has compost products on in its BMP menu / database
Solves environmental problem with recycled product!
water retention
saves money -- reduces need for chemical fertilizer

33. Time-Tested Performance
nurseries
golf courses
landscaping
public sales
Orange growers and other farmers in Orange County since the 1920’s
Disneyland grounds since the 1950’s.
Kellogg’s Garden Products
Flowerbeds at the Hearst Castle,
Planters at the Getty Museum, the
Dodger Stadium, Coliseum football field, and the lush
Tropicana Hotel in Las Vegas.
White House lawns
Harvard Medical School grounds
Over 30 years of scientific, empirical evidence showing wonderful benefits from and no adverse effects of using biosolids-based compost.
Biosolids compost has been available in retail outlets (home improvement stores and nurseries) for decades.
by 2007 OCSD biosolids will be OMNI Compost bags sold at local WalMarts

34. Time-Tested Performance
White House
Disneyland
Angel Stadium
Orange growers and other farmers in Orange County since the 1920’s
Disneyland grounds since the 1950’s.
Kellogg’s Garden Products
Flowerbeds at the Hearst Castle,
Planters at the Getty Museum, the
Dodger Stadium, Coliseum football field, and the lush
Tropicana Hotel in Las Vegas.
White House lawns
Harvard Medical School grounds
Over 30 years of scientific, empirical evidence showing wonderful benefits from and no adverse effects of using biosolids-based compost.
Biosolids compost has been available in retail outlets (home improvement stores and nurseries) for decades.
by 2007 OCSD biosolids will be OMNI Compost bags sold at local WalMarts

35. Already Used Throughout Orange County
Angel Stadium of Anaheim
Orange Coast College new NCAA baseball field
Mile Square Park
Chapman College
Over 30,000 yards sold in OC per year

36. 1,500 cy directly-purchased by OCSD member agencies
OC Going Green with Compost! 60,000 cy of OCSD’s biosolids compost used in 2007
1,500 cy directly-purchased by OCSD member agencies
In 2007, Compost was used
In public parks and fields IN 16 of 25 of our member agencies,
But our tracking system revealed only (4) 20% of our member agencies directly-purchased OCSD compost from Synagro. Most of the users were school sports fields.
Some cities may be using smaller amounts through building supply yards.
We are trying to improve our tracking system to make sure it captures the compost used by your contractors
We’d also like to encourage you to SPECIFY IN YOUR CONTRACTS
I’m a resource here to help you do that
Compost use is important to to improve the perception of biosolids recycling,
but also because SUPPLIES ARE RISING…
State and others are committed to remove the remaining compostable materials from landfills.
Meaning that there will be MORE compost to use.
We have to USE MORE to keep this a Sustainable Cost-effective option and
Keep our Sewer Rates Low!

37. Member Agency Top Compost Users
La Habra
Yorba Linda
Anaheim
Orange
Garden Grove
Fountain
Valley
We’ve given a Certificate to each of our TOP DIRECT-PURCHASERS OF BULK COMPOST in appreciation of their support.
Than You La Habra, Yorba Linda, Garden Grove, Orange
Garden Grove is here – they used on their Sports and Rec Center

38. Garden Grove’s Experience
I featured Garden Grove in the Compost Newsletter that you have in front of you.
One of the reasons they used so much compost in 2007 was because THEY SPECIFIED ITS USE IN A CAPITAL IMPROVEMENT PROJECT.
We’ll continue to convey important benefit information and user testimonies through this Compost Newsletter .
We’ll be asking for your staff contacts.

39. Compost is Foundation for Beautiful Landscaping
Hand it over to Patricia – get general message points for Patricia

40. Goal: All Member Agencies Use Our Compost!
Board Member support
Handout Fast Facts
Consider compost use resolution
City Manager support
Provide name(s) for compost e-newsletter subscription
So We’d really love to be able to say that ALL of our Member Agencies are using biosolids compost!
We’d really appreciate you handing these Fast Facts like business cards to associates and staff (both PUBLIC AND PRIVATE) who can use compost on their sports fields, planters, landscaping, etc.
Also sending letter to City Managers

41. Goal: All Member Agencies Use Our Compost! (cont’)
Member agency staff support
Incorporate compost into specifications
Incorporated compost into green building, recycling and water-saving initiatives
Keep compost on-hand in city yard
Use on daily projects
Specifications are an easy way to increase the amount of compost the city is using.
This is how Garden Grove was able to become a top-tier user
Sometimes staff doesn’t understand the importance of the using our biosolids compost, especially the political aspects, and don’t want to change the way they do business, so we really appreciate all the support you can provide us by encouraging your staff to work with us.

42. Sustainable Organics Management
The Future
Sustainable Organics Management

43. “Waste-to-Energy” Conversion Technologies
Thermal
Conversion
Colton, CA
Energy Products of Idaho
90+ installations worldwide
Pyrolysis
Romoland, CA
Rialto, CA
Gasification
No commercially available facilities known in the US
Test facilities in Texas and Florida

44. California Integrated Waste Management Board Regulatory Drivers
AB 939 By 2000, 50% landfill diversion
Zero Waste Strategic Plan Commitment
Harness the energy potential in “waste”
Organics diversion efforts (strong compost emphasis)
Cities & states implementing 2025-based goals
Zero Waste is theoretically simple: “a systems approach to avoid the creation of waste in the first place.”
ZERO WASTE is the recycling of all materials back into nature or the marketplace in a manner that protects human health and the environment.
Zero Waste = Reduce and Reuse, then Recycle or Compost
Zero Waste seeks to eliminate waste wherever possible by encouraging a systems approach that avoids the creation of waste in the first place. A Zero Waste systems approach turns material outputs from one process into resources for other processes.
Quote from Palo Alto’s Zero Waste Plan: A Zero Waste strategy is timely for Palo Alto. The State has only recently set 2025 as a target date for achieving zero waste statewide. Other regional municipalities have either established such goals or are in the process of adopting them. Fitting to local needs, the reduction of waste aligns with the imminent loss of our own local landfill in 2011 and the invariable rise in cost in waste hauling rates to other sites if we choose to do nothing.

45. Sustainable Organics Management
Recycling organic “wastes” from local sources
Returning compost products to local parks and landscaping
Creating renewable energy from organics

46. Future of Sustainability
Costa Mesa Arbor Day Tree Planter

47. Orange County Sanitation District
Questions?
Layne Baroldi (714)
Sign up for Biosolids updates under E-Subscriptions
Orange County Sanitation District
P.O. Box 8127, Fountain Valley, CA 92728
(714)