1. Chemical products should be designed to preserve efficacy of function while reducing toxicity Brooke Winters and Kelly Li

2. About the Principle 4.1 Chemists should strive for a balance between designing a product that does what it is meant to do while ensuring that all precautions to reduce/eliminate hazard are taken 4.2 Due to an increased understanding of chemical toxicity, chemists now have the tools to manipulate chemicals to reduce hazardous properties.

3. Designing safer chemicals 3 basic approaches: 1. Structural modifications 2. Avoiding, minimizing, or eliminating the functionality 3. Minimizing bioavailability

4. Relating to Prior Principles Principle 3 - Wherever practicable, synthetic methodologies should be designed to use and generate substances that possess little or no toxicity to human health and the environment. Principle 4 - Chemical products should be designed to preserve efficacy of function while reducing toxicity. ● Focuses on the design process ● “Why should we consider hazard? From an ethical standpoint, one answer is, ‘because we can’” (35).

5. Application 2014 Presidential Green Chemistry Award - “Solberg Company designed a new firefighting foam that does not use fluorosurfactants, which are environmentally persistent, bioaccumulative, and toxic. The new firefighting foam mix works just as well as previous foams, yet does not have these negative impacts!” (Reyes). Reyes, Laura. "Green Chemistry Principle #4: Designing Safer Chemicals." The Green Chemistry Initiative Blog. WordPress, 12 Dec. 2014. Web. 17 Feb. 2016..

6. “Now is the ideal time to develop a comprehensive and cooperative effort between toxicologists and chemists, focused on training the next generation of scientists to design safer chemicals in a truly holistic and trans-disciplinary manner through innovative curricular advancements.” -American Chemistry Society http://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/greenchemistry/what-is-green-chemistry/principles/gc-principle-of-the-month- 4.html#articleContent_headingtext_2