2. Roman Catholic Church (Who's More Powerful? The Pope or the King?) 3.2 How did religious and secular struggles for authority impact the structure of government in Europe? secular= things that have no religious or spiritual basis

3. Pope Crowned Charlemagne Holy Roman Emperor: Dec. 25, 800 Who would be more powerful Charlemagne or the Pope? The Church could Excommunicate, block from Heaven, kings. Excommunication was the Most Feared Punishment of All.

4. Role of Church in Middle Ages Never was there a time when the Church was so powerful in EuropeWestern Civilization. The Church was led by popes. Priests, monks, and nuns, told people about the Bible.

5. Role of Church The church was one organization that had respect and power. Popes were often more powerful than kings!

6. Role of Church Monks and Priests were spiritual leaders They lived in monasteries that acted like trade schools and YMCAs They spent years transcribing the Bible since the printing press hadn’t been developed yet. Remember, most people couldn’t read or write.

7. The Medieval Catholic Church  filled the power vacuum left from the collapse of the classical world.  Monasteries:  St. Benedict – Benedictine Rule of poverty, chastity, and obedience.  provided schools for the children of the upper class.  inns, hospitals, refuge in times of war.  libraries and illuminate manuscripts.  monks  missionaries to the barbarians. [St. Patrick]

8. Illuminated Manuscripts

9. The Power of the Medieval Church  bishops and abbots played a large part in the feudal system.  the church eventually controlled about 1/3 of the land in Western Europe..  tithe  1/10 tax on your assets given to the church.

10. Structure of the Church The Christian Clergy Bishop Pope Diocese Priest + Community Diocese Priest + Community Diocese Priest + Community 9 Christendom Nations Towns

11. Jews in Europe After the Great Diaspora, or spreading of Jews beyond their historical homeland, Jewish communities were found across Europe. By the late 1000’s Europe had become more Christianized and prejudice against Jews were growing. Many Jews chose to spread to Eastern Europe Despite the prejudice and hatred toward Jews many became quite educated and became bankers, financial advisers, and physicians.

12. Danger on the Horizon: The Vikings Parts of Europe (especially the church) were becoming wealthy. Sea-traders from the north called Vikings started pillaging and terrifying the country side

13. A Viking Longship The ships had one large square sail. In bad weather it was lowered over the ship and fastened down like a tent to protect the men inside. A big longship would be about 30m long and could travel at up to 32km per hour. It would have about 32 oars.

14. Viking Warriors As the Viking population grew the land could not provide enough food for everyone. Some of the Vikings started to attack and raid other lands. Viking shields were made from wood and iron. The Viking warriors used them to shield their bodies.

15. Viking Settlements

16. Who Discovered America? Leif Eriksson was probably the first person to discover America almost 500 years before Columbus.