2. What is a polymer? A long molecule made up from lots of small molecules called monomers.

3. Addition polymerisation Monomers contain C=C bonds Double bond opens to (link) bond to next monomer molecule Chain forms when same basic unit is repeated over and over. Modern polymers also developed based on alkynes R-C C - R’

4. All the same monomer Monomers are all the same type (A) A + A + A + A  -A-A-A-A-

5. Names of Polymers What monomers make these polymers? Ethene makes polyethylene

6. Condensation Polymerisation uses 2 different monomers, each monomer has 2 functional groups. E.g., making Nylon

7. What decides the properties of a polymer? Stronger attractive forces between chains = stronger, less flexible polymer. Chains able to slide past each other = flexible polymer.

8. Thermoplastics No cross links between chains. Weak attractive forces between chains broken by warming. Change shape - can be remoulded. Weak forces reform in new shape when cold. Synthetic Polymers

9. Thermosets Extensive cross-linking formed by covalent bonds. Bonds prevent chains moving relative to each other. What will the properties of this type of plastic be like?

10. Proteins Proteins are macromolecules that are polymers of amino acids. They contain peptide bonds Functionally proteins are enzymes which catalyze biochemical reactions This is the protein Collagen Natural Polymers

11. Carbohydrate Polymers Carbohydrates are a large group of compounds that include starches, glycogen and cellulose (all of which are polymers of sugars)