1. Jan Roscoe Publications OCR Examinations AS Level Physical Education H154 AS Module Section C Socio-Cultural Studies relating to participation in physical activity Part 6: Contemporary Sporting Issues - Funding - Bodies Promoting Participation

2. indexpreviousnext Section C Socio-cultural studies part 6.2 OCR AS / A Level Physical Education AS unit G451 - Index Funding of Physical Activity 3 3 Public Funding5 5 Acquiring Public Funding6 6 Private Funding7 7 Acquiring Private Funding8 8 Voluntary Funding9 9 Acquiring Voluntary Funding10 10 Bodies influencing & promoting participation11 11 UK Sport12 12 National Institutes of Sport14 14 English Institute of Sport15 15 Scottish Institute of Sport16 16 Sports Institute for Northern Ireland17 17 Sports Council for Wales18 18 Home country organisations19 19 Sport England20 20 Sport England’s main mission21 21 Sport England’s Primary Scheme22 22 Sports Council Northern Ireland23 23 Sportscotland24 24 Sports Council for Wales25 25 Current government departments & initiatives26 26 DCMS27 27 The work of the Youth Sport Trust (YST)28 28 National Junior Sports Programmes29 29 4 main strands of National Junior Sports Programme30 30 Sports Development Officers31 31 SportscoachUK32 32 National Governing Bodies - NGB’s33 33 The PESSCL Strategy34 34 How is the PESSCL Strategy being delivered? 35 35 What’s happening in schools?38 38 How are links between schools and clubs being made?39 39 How will this help to develop talented athletes?40 40 The progression to elite performance in sport41 41 Sportsmark/Activemark/Sports Partnership Mark42 42 TASS43 43 Government policies for elite talent development44 44 Provisions available to individual performers45 45 Why might an athlete/person not make full use of the facilities and services46 46

3. indexpreviousnext Section C Socio-cultural studies part 6.3 OCR AS / A Level Physical Education AS unit G451 Funding of Physical Activity Funding

4. indexpreviousnext Section C Socio-cultural studies part 6.4 OCR AS / A Level Physical Education AS unit G451Funding Sport costs money – both for players and clubs/companies. In order to fund the sports industry, clubs, players and companies can tap into a variety of financial sources. These sources fit into 3 main sectors: PrivatePublicVoluntary Funding

5. indexpreviousnext Section C Socio-cultural studies part 6.5 OCR AS / A Level Physical Education AS unit G451 Public Funding This is money acquired by local councils or authorities. The money they source is used to provide services & facilities for local people. These facilities & services may include leisure centres, swimming pools and sports activities for the community. Funding

6. indexpreviousnext Section C Socio-cultural studies part 6.6 OCR AS / A Level Physical Education AS unit G451 Acquiring Public Funding Council tax – this is the main source of funding, and comes from charges made to all local residents. Money from the central government. Money from charges made to the public to use leisure facilities like sports halls. Money borrowed from banks – perhaps to build a new facility. Local authorities can also apply to receive National Lottery funding. Funding

7. indexpreviousnext Section C Socio-cultural studies part 6.7 OCR AS / A Level Physical Education AS unit G451 Private Funding This is funding provided by national and local businesses to run sporting operations on a commercial basis. This could include a professional football team, or a private gym. The money goes towards the expenses of the club, buying new players, or improving the facilities within a gym. Funding

8. indexpreviousnext Section C Socio-cultural studies part 6.8 OCR AS / A Level Physical Education AS unit G451 Acquiring Private Funding Selling shares on the stock exchange – however this can be a risky venture for the buyer if the club is unsuccessful. Ticket sales and kit sales – for the bigger Premier League clubs, this can amount to tens of millions of pounds! Private gyms raise money through membership fees. Funding

9. indexpreviousnext Section C Socio-cultural studies part 6.9 OCR AS / A Level Physical Education AS unit G451 Voluntary Funding Voluntary organisations include local amateur clubs run by their members. These types of clubs work on a ‘break even’ basis – not for profit. Members often work on a voluntary basis - without pay!! Funding

10. indexpreviousnext Section C Socio-cultural studies part 6.10 OCR AS / A Level Physical Education AS unit G451 Acquiring Voluntary Funding National Lottery Funding – organisations can apply to receive funding to develop facilities. However, the club must raise an equal amount of funding too! Fund raising – e.g. raffles, social events, car boot sales. Local authority grants – the council may provide a club with the money for a new facility. Sponsorship – a local business may sponsor a team within the club. Membership fees – paid by club players. Grants & donations – clubs may be lucky enough to receive money from local people who have an interest in the club. Funding

11. indexpreviousnext Section C Socio-cultural studies part 6.11 OCR AS / A Level Physical Education AS unit G451 Bodies influencing & promoting participation in physical activity as part of a balanced, active & healthy lifestyle, the promotion of health, fitness and wellbeing and/or sporting excellence. Bodies promoting participation

12. indexpreviousnext Section C Socio-cultural studies part 6.12 OCR AS / A Level Physical Education AS unit G451 UK Sport Who is UK Sport? Established in 1996. Works in partnership with home country sports councils & other agencies to deliver world class success. Accountable to Parliament through the DCMS. Bodies promoting participation

13. indexpreviousnext Section C Socio-cultural studies part 6.13 OCR AS / A Level Physical Education AS unit G451 UK Sport What does UK Sport do? Work in partnerships to lead the UK to world class success. Manage & distribute public investments & National Lottery funds (which is more than £100m a year). Bid for & stage major sporting events, increase sporting activity & influence overseas, promote sporting conduct & ethics, including the nation’s anti-doping programme. Bodies promoting participation

14. indexpreviousnext Section C Socio-cultural studies part 6.14 OCR AS / A Level Physical Education AS unit G451 National Institutes of Sport There are 4 UK Sports institutes: –English Institute of Sport –Scottish Institute of Sport –Sports Institute Northern Ireland –Sports Council for Wales. All are supported by UK Sport. All aim to help top sports people win medals on the world stage. Bodies promoting participation

15. indexpreviousnext Section C Socio-cultural studies part 6.15 OCR AS / A Level Physical Education AS unit G451 English Institute of Sport Nationwide network of world-class support services aimed at developing the talents of elite athletes. Funded via the Sport England Lottery fund. Nine regional centres of excellence. Services provided include sports medicine, physiology, biomechanics, psychology, training & coaching assistance and many more. There is also a Performance Lifestyle programme providing career & education advice. EIS currently has over 2000 athletes on it’s system. One of EIS’s current schemes is to involve more coaches at local levels. Through this, EIS hopes to ensure the development of more talented young performers. Bodies promoting participation

16. indexpreviousnext Section C Socio-cultural studies part 6.16 OCR AS / A Level Physical Education AS unit G451 Scottish Institute of Sport Based in Stirling, with 6 area institutes. Provides programmes & services for Scotland’s top athletes, as well as identification & nurturing of local talent through to national level. Funded by sportscotland Lottery Fund. Programmes include coach development, technical support, sports medicine, sports science, performance analysis & the Performance Lifestyle programme. Bodies promoting participation

17. indexpreviousnext Section C Socio-cultural studies part 6.17 OCR AS / A Level Physical Education AS unit G451 Sports Institute for Northern Ireland The Sports Institute for Northern Ireland is a partnership between the Sports Council for Northern Ireland and the University of Ulster. Provides specialist services & facilities for sports people at the highest level in Northern Ireland. Services include strength & conditioning programmes, sports medicine, physiotherapy, sports science & Performance Lifestyle. Bodies promoting participation

18. indexpreviousnext Section C Socio-cultural studies part 6.18 OCR AS / A Level Physical Education AS unit G451 Sports Council for Wales Network of services offered to elite Welsh athletes. Provides world class facilities, sports science & medicine and lifestyle support. There are centres of regional development for bringing talented young athletes & skilled coaches together. Supported by Governing Bodies of Sport, funded by UK sport. Bodies promoting participation

19. indexpreviousnext Section C Socio-cultural studies part 6.19 OCR AS / A Level Physical Education AS unit G451 Home country organisations The Sports Councils are major parties in the delivery of the Government’s sporting objectives. Also act as a distributor of Lottery & Exchequer funds to elite sport. Main mission is to make the Home Nations successful and active as sporting nations. Sport England has invested £2bn into sports in England since 1994. Bodies promoting participation

20. indexpreviousnext Section C Socio-cultural studies part 6.20 OCR AS / A Level Physical Education AS unit G451 Sport England Major party in the delivery of the Government’s sporting objectives. Also acts as a distributor of Lottery & Exchequer funds to sport. Main mission is to make sustain & increase participation in sport, as well as make England a successful sporting nation. Bodies promoting participation

21. indexpreviousnext Section C Socio-cultural studies part 6.21 OCR AS / A Level Physical Education AS unit G451 How is Sport England aiming to achieve it’s main mission? Mission: ‘Promoting, investing in & advising on high quality sporting pathways which release potential.’ (www.sportengland.org) www.sportengland.org This is being done through: Community sports activities Sports clubs (incl. competitive sport) Coaches & officiating Player pathways Volunteering Sports facilities Bodies promoting participation

22. indexpreviousnext Section C Socio-cultural studies part 6.22 OCR AS / A Level Physical Education AS unit G451 Sport England’s Primary Scheme Start Get people involved in sport in order to improve the health of the nation. This is particularly relevant to disadvantaged & under-represented groups. Stay To ensure people remain in sport. This area also includes getting new coaches and volunteers involved & staying involved in sport. Succeed To improve the English infrastructure of elite development. Sport England hopes to improve England’s success on the world medal stage through this scheme. Bodies promoting participation

23. indexpreviousnext Section C Socio-cultural studies part 6.23 OCR AS / A Level Physical Education AS unit G451 Sports Council Northern Ireland Mission: Increase & sustain committed participation. Raise standards of sporting excellence. Key areas: Development of a new strategy for Sport in Northern Ireland. Working with Sports Institute for Northern Ireland, NGB’s & local authorities to develop LTAD models. Supporting the development of sports science, sports medicine and anti-doping programmes. Bodies promoting participation

24. indexpreviousnext Section C Socio-cultural studies part 6.24 OCR AS / A Level Physical Education AS unit G451sportscotland Mission ‘Helping to increase participation & improve performances in Scottish sport.’ (www.sportscotland.org.uk) www.sportscotland.org.uk Key Areas Developing a sporting infrastructure of people, organisations & facilities. Creating effective sporting pathways for all people, of all ages. Embedding ethics & equity throughout sport. Bodies promoting participation

25. indexpreviousnext Section C Socio-cultural studies part 6.25 OCR AS / A Level Physical Education AS unit G451 Sports Council for Wales Mission To develop & promote sport & active lifestyles, to distribute funds from the National Lottery to sport. Key Areas ‘Climbing Higher’ – a strategy to increase frequency of participation by developing a portfolio of activities to achieve healthy levels of physical activity. Bodies promoting participation

26. indexpreviousnext Section C Socio-cultural studies part 6.26 OCR AS / A Level Physical Education AS unit G451 Current government departments & initiatives DCMS Youth Sport Trust Sports Coach UK NGB’sPESSCLSportsmark/Activemark/ClubmarkTASS Bodies promoting participation

27. indexpreviousnext Section C Socio-cultural studies part 6.27 OCR AS / A Level Physical Education AS unit G451DCMS Aims: ‘To improve the quality of life for all through cultural & sporting activities, support the pursuit of excellence, and champion the tourism, creative & leisure industries.’ (DCMS, 2005) Sport competes alongside the arts, National Lottery, libraries, museums, galleries, broadcasting, films etc. Responsible for the PESSCL strategy Responsible for TASS initiative Gives major international events high priority – e.g. London 2012 ‘Sport for All’ – aimed at increasing access for all Groups ‘Achieving Excellence’ -increasing success in national & international competitions Bodies promoting participation

28. indexpreviousnext Section C Socio-cultural studies part 6.28 OCR AS / A Level Physical Education AS unit G451 The work of the Youth Sport Trust (YST) Established in 1994, the YST is the UK’s newest sports agency. Takes responsibility for developing and improving youth sport in the UK. Runs initiatives under the title National Junior Sports Programmes. Assisted by government resources, as well as National Lottery funding. The YST has played large roles within TOPSPORT and sports college development. Equally, the YST teamed up with Nike to investigate and promote school-age female participation in sport. Bodies promoting participation

29. indexpreviousnext Section C Socio-cultural studies part 6.29 OCR AS / A Level Physical Education AS unit G451 National Junior Sports Programmes Launched in 1996 by Sport England in association with the YST. Aims to encourage children from the age of 4 to participate in sport. Provides kit, coaching, facilities and talent ID for all youngsters involved. Bodies promoting participation

30. indexpreviousnext Section C Socio-cultural studies part 6.30 OCR AS / A Level Physical Education AS unit G451 The 4 main strands of the National Junior Sports Programme Top Play – for 4-9 year olds. Used as an introduction to basic movement skills. Top Sport – for 7-11 year olds. Aims to develop sport specific skills. Champion Coaching – for talented performers within their own regions. Top Club – for 11 years and over. Performers are encouraged to specialise in specific sports/activities. Bodies promoting participation

31. indexpreviousnext Section C Socio-cultural studies part 6.31 OCR AS / A Level Physical Education AS unit G451 Sports Development Officers Increase community access to sport and provision Increase opportunity and provision Advise, support and provide resources to performers, coaches and clubs Promote Sport England’s Active Sports Programme Develop ‘Coaching for Teachers’ Organise sports festivals and courses Help set up clubs Advise on lottery and sports college applications Bodies promoting participation

32. indexpreviousnext Section C Socio-cultural studies part 6.32 OCR AS / A Level Physical Education AS unit G451 Sportscoach UK Established in Leeds (as the National Coaching Foundation - NCF), in 1983. Aim to increase and improve the level of coaching in the UK. Works with Sports Councils across the country, NGBS, schools, FE & HE institutions, Awarding Bodies and many more. Provides a central resource of strategic & technical expertise, advice & support. Works with funding agencies to integrate coaching development into local authorities and sports agencies. Bodies promoting participation

33. indexpreviousnext Section C Socio-cultural studies part 6.33 OCR AS / A Level Physical Education AS unit G451 National Governing Bodies - NGB’s Each sport has its own NGB which co- ordinates rules, competitions and officials. NGB’s must generate their own funding through advertising, sponsorship, affiliation fees, donations and home county sports councils (Sport England etc). NGB’s are also responsible for developing and promoting their sport at local and elite levels. This done via increased access, improved coaching and enhanced facilities. Bodies promoting participation

34. indexpreviousnext Section C Socio-cultural studies part 6.34 OCR AS / A Level Physical Education AS unit G451 The PESSCL Strategy Launched April, 2003. £459m is being injected. Aimed at promoting the delivery of high quality PE & school sport. Overall objective is (DCMS, 2004). Overall objective is ‘to increase the percentage of 5-16 year olds who spend a minimum of 2 hours a week on high quality PE & school sport’ (DCMS, 2004). Bodies promoting participation

35. indexpreviousnext Section C Socio-cultural studies part 6.35 OCR AS / A Level Physical Education AS unit G451 How is the PESSCL Strategy being delivered? Through 8 different strands: Professional Development QCA (Qualifications and Curriculum Authority) & School Sport Investigation Gifted & Talented Step into Sport Swimming Club Links Sports Colleges School Sport Partnerships Bodies promoting participation

36. indexpreviousnext Section C Socio-cultural studies part 6.36 OCR AS / A Level Physical Education AS unit G451 Professional Development £18m programme, enabling schools to draw from a range of free resources such as videos, workshops, mentoring and training programmes QCA & School Sport Investigation QCA is working with schools to identify & promote best practice. An increase in results, attendance & progress in PE has been noted Gifted & Talented Aimed at recognising & developing young people with sporting talent. Junior Athlete Education (JAE) programme set up to support young athletes. Sports Colleges involved in staging Academies to improve fundamental skills of talented 9-12 year olds Step into Sport Aimed at getting young people involved in both leadership & volunteering roles in sport. The programme liaises with LEA’s, NGB’s and sports partnerships Bodies promoting participation

37. indexpreviousnext Section C Socio-cultural studies part 6.37 OCR AS / A Level Physical Education AS unit G451 Swimming Aimed at promoting and improving the delivery of swimming in schools. The scheme advises LEA’s on how to deliver swimming lessons effectively and how to get more children involved Club Links By 2006, the government hopes to have 20% of 5-16 year olds involved in club sport on a regular basis. Links between schools & clubs are being fostered in order to promote this scheme Sports Colleges Schools which will receive increased funding for improving facilities & provision of high quality sports to children. These schools will act both as symbols of sporting excellence, and as much needed community facilities School Sport Partnerships Families of schools which will receive extra funding to improve and increase sports opportunities for all Bodies promoting participation

38. indexpreviousnext Section C Socio-cultural studies part 6.38 OCR AS / A Level Physical Education AS unit G451 What’s happening in schools? The PESSCL strategy also aims to improve the amount of high quality sports teaching students receive in schools. By doing this, schools become the ‘starter blocks’ for talent development. They also become responsible for recognising ability within students and thus encouraging and motivating them in the necessary direction. Bodies promoting participation

39. indexpreviousnext Section C Socio-cultural studies part 6.39 OCR AS / A Level Physical Education AS unit G451 How are links between schools and clubs being made? In an attempt to improve Britain’s sporting prowess on the international field, the government hopes to improve on the number of young athletes who become affiliated to clubs. By fostering links between schools & clubs through the SSCo partnerships (School Sport Co-ordinator), children are more likely to know about which sporting opportunities in clubs are available to them. Bodies promoting participation

40. indexpreviousnext Section C Socio-cultural studies part 6.40 OCR AS / A Level Physical Education AS unit G451 How will this help to develop talented athletes? Students will receive more quality coaching on top of their school hours of PE and School Sport. This means they are more likely to develop their skills in their chosen sport. Equally, young athletes are more likely to be picked up by the relevant development squads in order to progress to elite status. Bodies promoting participation

41. indexpreviousnext Section C Socio-cultural studies part 6.41 OCR AS / A Level Physical Education AS unit G451 The progression from local levels to elite performance in sport Talent scouts, club coaching Affiliation to NGB’s Training Financial Assistance Development squads National Training squads Training at National Sports Centres District Competitions National Squad Progression To Area levels Access to District/ County levels Links to local clubs Early Activity In Schools Bodies promoting participation

42. indexpreviousnext Section C Socio-cultural studies part 6.42 OCR AS / A Level Physical Education AS unit G451 Sportsmark/Activemark/Sports Partnership Mark Activemark An award given to schools if 90% or more of pupils across the school were doing at least 2 hours high quality PE and school sport a week. Sportsmark An award for schools where 90% or more of pupils across the school were doing at least 2 hours high quality PE and school sport a week. Sports Partnership Mark An award for partnerships, given if at least 90% of pupils across the partnership were doing at least 2 hours high quality PE and school sport each week. Bodies promoting participation

43. indexpreviousnext Section C Socio-cultural studies part 6.43 OCR AS / A Level Physical Education AS unit G451TASS Talented Athlete Sponsorship Scheme Government funded programme. Represents links between sport and HE/FE. Hopes to develop sporting talent and success in the 16-25 year old range. Successful applicants for TASS scholarships will receive between £1000 and £3000 to assist with coaching and equipment costs, as well as educational expenses. TASS athletes also receive a package of core sporting services. These include coaching, sports medicine, sports science, strength & conditioning training and lifestyle management. Bodies promoting participation

44. indexpreviousnext Section C Socio-cultural studies part 6.44 OCR AS / A Level Physical Education AS unit G451 How effective are Government policies for elite talent development? Local governments are responsible for provision of opportunity & provision for sport – even though it is the central government which decides upon what is to be done. Thus, there are differing amounts of provision in different areas. Equally, funding may differ from region to region. However, cohesion does occur amongst NGB’s and sports organisations to promote and develop sport within the UK. Bodies promoting participation

45. indexpreviousnext Section C Socio-cultural studies part 6.45 OCR AS / A Level Physical Education AS unit G451 How are provisions made available to individual performers? Open days/’Come-and-try’ events. NGB/Sports Council events to promote mass participation in specific sports. Specific sports centres made available to all. School facilities open to the community at specific times. Facilities let to clubs/NGBs/voluntary organisations for coaching/competitive purposes. Activity services run by local authorities staff for young athletes. Bodies promoting participation

46. indexpreviousnext Section C Socio-cultural studies part 6.46 OCR AS / A Level Physical Education AS unit G451 Why might an athlete/person not make full use of the facilities and services made available to them? TimeMoneyFacilities Bodies promoting participation

47. indexpreviousnext Section C Socio-cultural studies part 6.47 OCR AS / A Level Physical Education AS unit G451 Expected to train in free time Not enough training time to reach elite status Professional sport often requires athletes to train on a full-time basis NGB’s realising more training time is needed Employers becoming aware of need for athletic employees to train Schools of Excellence & some universities allow time for training Bodies promoting participation

48. indexpreviousnext Section C Socio-cultural studies part 6.48 OCR AS / A Level Physical Education AS unit G451 Funding is difficult to obtain for some athletes Funding not enough for some athletes’ expenses Imbalance between private & public sector funding Local Government provides funding for sports provision Lottery funding has increased – but is unevenly distributed Sponsorship more readily available for athletes High subscription fees – particularly for low profile/ female sports Bodies promoting participation

49. indexpreviousnext Section C Socio-cultural studies part 6.49 OCR AS / A Level Physical Education AS unit G451 Not enough facilities for some sports Some facilities too far away Private sector facilities require membership fees Large increase in number of facilities Dual/joint use provision of facilities Attempts being made to provide facilities to minority and traditional sports Bodies promoting participation