1. Domain: Eukarya Kingdom: Animalia Evolutionary trends among organisms within the Kingdom Animalia

2. What is an animal? Multicellular Eukaryotic Heterotrophic Lack cell walls Vertebrate –Backbone Invertebrate –No Backbone

3. Evolutionary Trends in Animals 1.Development 2.Symmetry 3.Segments 4.Cephalization 5.Coelom (body cavity)

4. Development Gametes (sex cells) –Unite to form Zygote Blastula –Zygote that has divided and began to hollow out Protosome –Mouth develops first Deuterostome –Anus develops first

5. Germ Layers of Development 1. Endoderm – inner layer Leads to development of digestive and respiratory system 2. Mesoderm – middle layer Leads to development of muscles, circulatory, reproductive and excretory systems

6. Germ Layers of Development 3. Ectoderm – outer layer Leads to development of sense organs, nerves, and skin Cells in each layer can be traced to later development Implication  Stem Cell Treatment

7. Symmetry Types of Symmetry 1.Radial body parts arranged around a central point 2.Bilateral divided into 2 equal halves

8. Symmetry Symmetry Terms 1.Anterior – towards head 2.Posterior – towards bottom 3.Ventral – towards front 4.Dorsal – towards back

9. Identify the Symmetry Terms Front

10. Segments and Cephalization Segmentation –Repeating body segments –More important for invertebrates Cephalization –Concentration of sense organs and nerves at front of animal

11. Coelom –Fluid filled body cavity that houses internal organs –Acoelomate – no body cavity (simple animals) –Coelomate – true body cavity (complex animals) No Coelom Internal Organ

12. Coelom in Humans

13. Importance of Evolutionary Trends Evolutionary TrendImportance Protostome or DeuterostomeMore complex animals are deuterostomes Specialized cells and organs (ie. circulatory, respiratory, etc) Observed in complex animals CephalizationCan responds and react to surroundings better SegmentationAllows invertebrates in increase in size CoelomAllows for space for specialized organs

14. Invertebrates -vs- Vertebrates

15. Evolutionary Trends in Invertebrates Radial Symmetry Coelom Pseudocoelom Protostome Development Radial Symmetry Three Germ Layers; Bilateral Symmetry Tissues Multicellularity ChordatesEchinoderms Arthropods Annelids Mollusks Roundworms Flatworms Cnidarians Single-celled ancestor Deuterostome Development Sponges

16. Evolutionary Trends in Invertebrates 1.Feeding and Digestion 2.Circulation 3.Movement and Support

17. Feeding and Digestions 1.Intracellular Digestions Individual cells break down material and it diffuses to other cells Usually only 1 opening

18. Feeding and Digestion 2.Extracellular Digestions Digestive system responsible for breaking down food, not individual cells 2 openings

19. Circulation 1.Open System Blood is partially contained Observed in Arthropods and mollusks

20. Circulation 2.Closed System Heat or “heart- like” organ pumps blood through vessels Larger, more active animals

21. Movement and Support 1.Hydrostatic Skeleton Use fluid force to move body parts Worms 2.Exoskeleton Hard covering Spiders 3.Endoskeleton Support found on inside the body Sea stars

22. Movement and Support

23. THE END