1. MOLETRONICS An Invisible technology Amit Dwivedi Ec 3rd Year

2. OVERVIEW INTRODUCTION. MOLECULAR ELECTRONICS . HISTORY OF MOLETRONICS.
WHY USE MOLECULAR ELECTRONICS ?
DEVICE PERFORMANCE.
PROBLEMS FACING MOLETRONICS .
CONCLUSION.

3. INTRODUCTION
Molecular Electronics is recognized as a key candidate to succeed the
silicon based technology once we have arrived at the end of the semi-
conductor roadmap.
Moletronics is a branch of nanotechnology that includes the research
and applications of molecular building blocks for the fabrication of
electronic devices.

5. Molecular Electronics OR MOLETRONICS
Sometimes called moletronics .
Moletronics can be used to create active components like transistors and passive components like resistors. Here, molecules are considered as switches.
Moletronics is devided in to two sub-disciplines.
Moletronics are two types
1.) Molecular scale electronics.
2.) Molecules materials for electronics.

6. Molecular scale electronics-
it is also known as single molecule electronics.This branch of nanotechnology focuses on single molecular application. It uses nanoscale group of singular molecules or single molecules as electronic components.
2. Molecules materials for electronics-
This sub-division makes use of the molecular properties to affect a materials bulk properties.The term molecular materials for electronics refer to mass applications of intrinsically conducting polymers and conductive polymers, which are organic polymers that generate electricity in their mass state.

7. History Of Molecular Electronics
1956- ARTHUR VON GAVE IDEA ABOUT MOLECULAR ENGINEERING.
The US Air Force laboratory in 1959 came to nothing, because they couldn’t work out how to achieve their goal.
1960s & 1970s- EXPERIMENTS ALL AROUND THE WORLD.
Researchers from Hewlett-Packard and the University of California, Los Angeles, announced in July 1999 that they’ve actually made logic circuits that use molecular level chemical processes.

8. MOORE’S LAW Nearly 40 years ago, intel co-founder “GORDON MOORE”
forecasted the rapid pace of technology innovation.
The number of transistors that can be fabricated on a
silicon integrated circuit and therefore the computing
speed of such a circuit is doubling every 18 to 24 months.

11. WHY Molecular Electronics ?
Smaller Size.
Power.
Speed.
Easier to Manufacture.
New Functionalities.
Low Manufacturing Cost.

12. Size 100X smaller than their counterparts.
Molecules are in the nanometer scale between 1 and 100 nm. This scale permits small devices with more efficient heat dissipation and less overall production cost to be made.

13. Power Speed Low power consumption.
Currently Transistors cannot be stacked, which makes them quite ineffecient!
Molecular technology will be able to add a 3rd dimension.
Speed
Femtosecond switching speeds

14. Manufacturing
Most designs use either spin coating or Self-Assembly process.
Individual Molecules can be made exactly the same by the Billions.
Molecular assembly tends to occur at Room Temperature.

16. Applications
Moletronics finds use in a wide range of applications, mainly in the work areas of physics, chemistry, medical equipments, nano electronics and electronics, and artificial intelligence. The construction of almost all fabricated chips used in machinery use the concept of molecular technology.
Sensors.
Displays, Energy transduction devices.
Smart Material, Molecular scale transistors.
Molecular Motors, Logic and memory devices.

17. Advantages of Molectronics
Tiny.
Low power consumption.
Able to integrate large circuit.
Re-configurable.

18. Disadvantages of Moletronics
Increased sensitivity to Doppler shift and frequency synchronization problems.
High peak-to-average-power ratio.
Efficiency loss.
Controlled fabrication within specified tolerances.
Hard experimental verification.

19. This technology could be a replacement for VLSI in future.
Future of Molecular Electronics
This technology could be a replacement for VLSI in future.
Controlled fabrication within specified tolerances and its experimental verification are major issues.
Self-assembly schemes based on molecular recognition will be crucial for that task.
Ability to measure electrical properties of organic molecules more accurately and reliably is paramount in future developments.

20. SOONER Si BASED DEVICE WILL BE REPLACED BY THE MOLECULAR BASED ELECTRONIC DEVICES.

22. Conclusion
Even a lot of approach has been proposed in moletronic computer. But there still exists critical problem: most of the technologies are valid only in laboratory condition, and cannot be produced massively.
Today is the age of information explosion. Polymer materials hold hopes of rapid development of improved systems and techniques of computing and communications—the two wings of information technology. For e.g., polymer optical fiber has a number of advantages over glass fibers like better ductivity, light weight, higher flexibility is in splicing and insensitivity to stresses etc.