1. Unit 1 Lessons 4-6 -Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures -Solids, Liquids and Gases -Change of State Unit 1 Lessons 4-6 -Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures -Solids, Liquids and Gases -Change of State

2. Substances Elements: Pure substance in its simplest form can’t be broken down physically or chemically Examples: Hydrogen, Oxygen, Gold Pure Substances: Made of only one type of particle

4. Elements Characteristic Properties: Physical and chemical properties that help identify elements Examples: Boiling/Melting Points, Density, Color, Reactivity, Flammability Categories of Elements: -Metals -Nonmetals -Metalloids

5. Metals and Nonmetals Metals: shiny, conducts heat electricity well Copper, Tin, Lead Nonmetals: Dull, conduct heat and electricity poorly, solids tend to be brittle

6. Metalloids Have properties of both metals and nonmetals Some conduct heat and electricity well, shiny or dull Smallest portion on the periodic table

8. Combination of two or more types of matter that are not chemically joined Parts retain their properties Can be separated by physical means (magnets, filtering) Made of atoms of two or more elements chemically joined Has properties like elements (density, b.p) Compounds properties differ than those of the individual elements MixturesCompounds

12. Mixtures Do not react to form a compound Pizza: Tomato sauce, cheese, pepperoni

13. Solutions Homogeneous (evenly mixed) mixture of two or more substances dispersed through a single phase Same appearance and properties throughout the mixture Salt water solution: Solute (salt): substance that dissolves in the solvent Solvent (water): substance in which the solute dissolves

16. Concentration of Solutions Concentration: the amount of solute dissolved in a solvent (g/ml) What is the concentration of a solution if it has 100 g of sugar dissolved in 200 milliliters of water? 100 g of sugar/ 200 ml of water.5 g/ml

23. States of Matter Definite shape Definite Volume Distance Between Particles Forces of Attraction Between Particles Motion of Particles SolidsLiquidsGases Yes Very Close together Very strong Vibrate back and forth No Yes Farther than solid Weaker than solid Flow freely No Very far apart Very weak Rapidly in straight lines

26. Temperature Measure of how hot or cold something is

27. Volume Amount of space that an object takes up Amount of space that an object takes up

28. Pressure Amount of force exerted on an area Amount of force exerted on an area

29. Gas Laws Boyle’s Law: Boyle’s Law: Volume of a gas is inversely proportional to the pressure of a gas when temperature is constant “Boyle The Pickle Vines… opposite”

30. Gas Laws Charles Law: Charles Law: Volume of a gas is directly proportional to the temperature when pressure is constant “Charles Pumped The Volume….up” “Charles Pumped The Volume….up”

31. Change of State Change of a substance from one state to another

32. Change of State Melting Point: the temperature at which a solid changes to a liquid Melting Point: the temperature at which a solid changes to a liquid Freezing Point: the temperature at which a liquid changes to a solid Freezing Point: the temperature at which a liquid changes to a solid Evaporation Point: the temperature at which a liquid changes to a gas (Boiling Point of water is 212) Evaporation Point: the temperature at which a liquid changes to a gas (Boiling Point of water is 212) Condensation Point: the temperature at which a gas changes to a liquid Condensation Point: the temperature at which a gas changes to a liquid Sublimation: process in which a solid changes directly to a gas Sublimation: process in which a solid changes directly to a gas Deposition: process in which a gas changes directly into a solid Deposition: process in which a gas changes directly into a solid

33. Change of State Diagram of Water Time (s) Temperature C 100 0 Blue = solid Red = liquid Green = gas

34. Water Change of State Diagram Be neat, colorful, creative and neat! Requirements: Title Title Labels and descriptions for: melting/freezing points, boiling/condensing points, solids, liquids, gases Labels and descriptions for: melting/freezing points, boiling/condensing points, solids, liquids, gases X and Y axis labels and units X and Y axis labels and units Color coded key Color coded key