1. Courtly Love Poems

2. Lyric Poetry
During the renaissance, the English began favoring lyric poetry over narrative poetry which had been favored in Medieval times
Lyric poetry-
Expresses emotion/feelings of speaker
Specific melody (song-like)
Often short and in first person

3. Sonnets Sonnet- 14-line lyric poem with single theme Example:
Usually iambic pentameter (5 groups of two syllables with an accent on the second syllable)
Example:

4. PETRARCHAN SONNET- divided into an 8-line octave with a rhyme scheme of abba abba, followed by a 6-line sestet with a rhyme scheme of cdecde.
Example from Emma Lazarus’s “The New Colossus”
Not like the brazen giant of Greek fame,
With conquering limbs astride from land to land;
Here at our sea-washed, sunset gates shall stand
A mighty woman with a torch, whose flame
Is the imprisoned lightning, and her name
Mother of Exiles. From her beacon-hand
Glows world-wide welcome; her milk eyes command
The air-bridged harbor that twin cities frame.
‘Keep, ancient lands, you storied pomp!’ cries she
With silent lips. ‘Give me your tired, your poor,
Your huddled masses yearning to breathe free,
The wretched refuse of your teeming shore.
Send these, the homeless, tempest-tost to me,
I left my lamp beside the golden door!’

5. SPENSERIAN SONNET- divided into three quatrains and a couplet
SPENSERIAN SONNET- divided into three quatrains and a couplet. The rhyme scheme is abab bcbc cdcd ee.
Example from Sonnet No. 41, from Amoretti.
Is it her nature or is it her will,
To be so cruel to an humbled foe?
If nature, then she may it mend with skill,
If will, then she at will may will forgo.
But if her nature and her will be so,
that she will plague the man that loves her most:
And take delight t'increase a wretch's woe,
Then all her nature's goodly gifts are lost.
And that same glorious beauty's idle boast,
Is but a bait such wretches to beguile:
As being long in her love's tempest tossed,
She means at last to make her piteous spoil.
Of fairest fair let never it be named,
That so fair beauty was so foully shamed.

6. Sonnet Sequence
Sonnet Sequence- sonnets linked by theme or person addressed to form a story
Used by famous authors of Elizabethan Age such as Spenser, Sidney, and Shakespeare
Used to connect one hundred or more poems without growing dull by using a basic fictional situation:
Speaker in sequence is in love
Some may explain depth of love
Some may praise beloved
Love is unfulfilled
May dramatize hopes and disappointments
Analyze nature of love

7. Four Types of Love Poems
Unrequited Requited Seduction Realistic

8. Unrequited Love Poems
Unrequited Love- one-sided love (not reciprocated/returned)
The beloved may not be aware of admirer’s deep/strong romantic feelings
The beloved may reject the
admirer’s feelings
Example: Sir Philip Sydney
His famous piece being
Astrophel and Stella

9. Requited Love Poems
Requited Love- when the beloved returns the romantic feelings of the admirer
Example: Edmund Spenser
His famous piece being Amoretti that is addressed to his wife

10. Seduction Love Poems These poems often idealize the natural world
Example: Christopher Marlowe’s “The Passionate Shepherd to His Love”

11. Realistic Love Poems These poems are realistic about love
Example: Sir Walter Raleigh’s “The Nymph’s Reply to the Shepherd”

12. Pastoral Poetry Celebrates pleasures of simple life in the country
Usual conventions:
Shepherd who addresses/describes a shepherdess he is in love with
Idealized world of nature
Examples:
Christopher Marlowe’s “The Passionate Shepherd to His Love”
Sir Walter Raleigh’s critical comment of Marlowe’s piece in “The Nymph’s Reply to the Shepherd”

13. Universal Themes in Courtly Love Poems
Link between love and delights of youth/nature
Relationship of love to time
One perspective: time stops for lovers
Another perspective: time and change are love’s enemy
Prompts carpe diem