1. Module 4 Review

2. Zygote, Embryo, and Fetus  Zygote- the fertilized egg, first two weeks of pregnancy  Embryo- the developing human organism form two weeks to the end of the eight week  Fetus- the developing human organism from nine weeks to birth

3. Bad things that can happen during Pregnancy  Teratogens  Substances that cross the placental and prevents the fetus from developing normally  Fetal Alcohol Syndrome- physical and/or cognitive abnormalities that appear in children whose mothers consumed alcohol while pregnancy  Radiation  Toxic chemicals in water or air  Viruses  nicotine  Alcohol  STDs

4. Piaget Cognitive Stages  Sensorimotor- Birth to about 2 years  Object Permanence  Preoperational- About 2 to 6 or 7 years  Pretend play, egocentrism, language development  Concrete Operational- About 7 to 11 years  Conservation, Mathematical transformation  Formal Operational- About 12 through Adult  Abstract Reasoning

5. Attachment  An emotional tie with another person; young children demonstrate attachment by seeking closeness to the caregiver and showing distress on separation  Secure attachment predicts social competence.  Deprivation of attachment is linked to negative outcomes.  A responsive environment helps infants recover from attachment disruption. Attachment is a direct result of the parenting children receive.

6. Parenting Styles  Authoritarian parenting  Parents impose rules and expect obedience  Permissive parenting  Parenting marked by submitting to children’s desires, making few demands and using little punishment  Authoritative parenting  Parents make demands on the child, are responsive, sets and enforces rules, and discusses the situation