1. Improved efficiency of solar powered Vehicles Sagar Dewangan, Akhilesh K. Dewangan, Isham Panigrahi KIIT University, Bhubaneswar Abstract: Now a day we are using the large amount of conventional sources of energy like petroleum, coal, natural gas, there is an increasing demand. As a result their cost is increasing drastically and also the burning of such kind of fuels causes many environmental consequences. Therefore to solve this dilemma we need to find an alternative source of energy. In automotive industry a large amount of research has been going on over more than two decades and some solar vehicles were developed successfully. But they have not been commercialized because of lack of efficiency and irritable driving experience due to fluctuation in intensity of sunlight. Introduction:  The Sun is the most ultimate sources of energy on which we depend for life.  Thus we should take advantage of this ceaseless energy for various day to day applications.  But the use of rechargeable batteries is not only the solution to this because it increases the weight and thereby decreases the efficiency.  Use of capacitor to develop a peak power tracker enables to compensate the energy requirements due to fluctuating intensity of sun. Difference between EDLC and ordinary capacitor: In ordinary capacitors, electrons are moved from one electrode and deposited on the other, and charge is separated by a solid dielectric between the electrodes. In Electric double-layer capacitors, instead of a solid dielectric, the two electrodes are separated by a liquid electrolyte rich in ions, which, when applying a voltage to a EDLC, these solvated ions form a double-layer of ions at each electrode (separated by the non-conductive solvent) in what's known as the electrical double layer effect. The layer of solvent between the double-layers act as an extremely thin dielectric (typically only molecules thick), and thanks porous structure of the electrodes, these double- layers have an extremely high surface area. The result is a capacitor with a huge capacitance (due to the high surface area), but also a very low breakdown voltage rating (thanks to the thinness of the double layer) - we can find EDLC with capacitances in the hundreds to thousands of Farads, but with voltage ratings of only a few volts. In high-voltage applications, EDLC have to be stacked in series to obtain the desired voltage ratings. Methods: An Electric Double Layer Capacitor is a high charge storage electrochemical capacitor having more than 1000F capacitance value at just 1.2 volts that overpass the gap between capacitors and rechargeable batteries beside stores 10 to 100 times more energy per unit mass then electrolytic capacitor and for a given charge they are 10 times more efficient than conventional batteries. They can undergo many charge and discharge cycles. This will be attached with the power trackers, so that during the change in intensity of sunlight, starting of vehicle or during the high load, when the power consumption by the vehicle is more then it will be compensated by the Electric Double Layer Capacitor. Empirical Relations: The capacitance value results from the energy W of a loaded capacitor loaded via a DC voltage V DC The time t1 and t2, for the voltage to drop from 80% (V1) to 40% (V2) of the rated voltage is measured. The capacitance value is calculated as: Discussions: Zero emission from vehicle. High efficiency of the vehicle. Completely runs on natural and renewable sources of energy. Silent running. Most suitable for in campus visits. Conclusion/Summary: Hence, by replacing the batteries with Electric Double Layer Capacitor we saved the power losses due to heavy weight of batteries beside this, variation in intensity of sunlight will not affect much to cruise speed condition of the vehicle thereby increases the efficiency of the vehicle, during normal sunny day, the vehicle can run for the whole day with good speed and efficiency. Test Vehicle Specification : Motor Power = 750 W Voltage = 36 VDC Electronic Speed Control Speed = 38 to 45 Km/hr. Solar panel = 300 W Voltage = 36 VDC Tadpole Vehicle Design Rear Wheel Drive Single Seated Driving System Fuel Cell Conventional Batteries Ultra capacitor Conventional Capacitor