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Review
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Review Horizon O - organic-mostly dead plant matter. Horizon A - Topsoil. Contains the most organic matter (humus) and is dark in color. Horizon B - Subsoil. The layer under A that contains clay and minerals and is usually brownish or reddish in color. Horizon C - The deepest layer of soil. Contains the largest and least weathered rocks. It is usually yellow-brown. Horizon D – Bedrock below soil.
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Review Soil is a mixture of 4 materials:
Weathered rock particles (sand, silt, and clay) Organic matter Water Air
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Add To Table of Contents:
Soil Lab Pg. 72 Soil Properties Pg. 73
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Soil Properties Pg. 73
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1. Porosity - amount of space between sediments.
A. Shape-Rounded particles have greater porosity than angular. POROSITY ROUNDNESS ROUND ANGULAR
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B. Packing- The closer the particles the lower the porosity.
UNPACKED PACKED
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C. Sorting-The more sorted the higher the porosity.
- Same size=sorted. - Different sizes = unsorted (poorly sorted) POROSITY SORTING
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Particle Size alone does NOT affect porosity
Particle Size alone does NOT affect porosity!!!!! (Shaping, Packing, Sorting does)
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Which column has the least porosity?
1 2 3 4 1
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1 2 3 4 1
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2. Permeability-ability of water to pass through.
-Tighter packing/smaller particles = less -Looser packing/larger particles = more PERMEABILITY PARTICLE SIZE
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Impermeability(not permeable) is due to:
A. Tight packing of particles B. Cementing by clay or ice
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FINE SAND Moderate drainage
PERMEABILITY GRAVEL Rapid drainage FINE SAND Moderate drainage CLAY Slow drainage
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Which has the least permeability?
1 2 3 4
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Clay is impermeable – water will not flow through easily
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3.Capillarity-water sticking to soil particles and moving up from the water table. (capillary action). - Smaller particles have more capillarity. CAPILLARITY PARTICLE SIZE
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4. Infiltration – water soaking into the ground.
Permeability Infiltration rate Porosity Infiltration rate Infiltration rate Slope
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Honors Lab Activity
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