1. UNIT 7 CITIZENSHIP P. 125 FUTURE 5 Future English for Results 5 - Pearson /Longman Elizabeth Celeste Coiman-Lopez, BAT, MS Houston Community College, School of Continuing Education

2. Unit 7, p. 128 PAST PERFECT RULES: HAD + PAST PARTICIPLE 1.It indicates that something happened before a specific time, event, or action in the past.  The thirteen colonies had become the thirteen American states. 2. When used with already, yet, and just, is to emphasize which event came first.  The British had already lost a lot of money.  The Revolutionary War had not yet begun.  It was 1755, Paul Revere had just begun to work at his father’s shop.

3. RULES: HAD + PAST PARTICIPLE (continuation) 4. When used with by + a certain time, is to indicate the order in which two events happened.  By 1750, more than 1 million settlers had made the colonies their new homes. 5. With past time clauses beginning with by the time, before and when.  By the time the Pilgrims arrived, immigrants to Jamestown had already established a successful colony.  Before he became president of the United States, George Washington had commanded the Continental Army.  When representatives from the colonies met to write the Constitution, the Declaration of Independence had already been written. Unit 7, p. 128 PAST PERFECT (continuation)

4. RULES: GET 1. We can sometimes use GET to replace BE in passive sentences. 2. This is frequently done in conversation than in written language. EXAMPLES: a) ACTIVE VOICE: The people elected him because of this position on environmental protection. b) PASSIVE VOICE: He was elected (by the people) because of his position on environmental protection. c) PASSIVE VOICE: He got elected (by the people) because of his position on environmental protection. d) ACTIVE VOICE: I hope Congress and the president pass the bill protecting whales. e) PASSIVE VOICE: I hope the bill protecting shales is passed. (by Congress and the president) f) PASSIVE VOICE: I hope the bill protecting whales gets passed. (by Congress and the president) Unit 7, p. 134 PASSIVE WITH GET