2. Yalta Conference February 1945- US (FDR), Britain (Churchill), and the Soviet Union (Stalin) Major powers negotiate end of the war Germany divided into zones Pay Russia war reparations Establish United Nations Point where United States and Soviet Union no longer have common goals

3. Superpower Aims in Europe United StatesUSSR Encourage democracy in newly formed nations Encourage Communism in newly formed nations Access to raw materials in Western and Eastern Europe Rebuild Europe using own raw materials to bolster economy Rebuild governments and create new economic markets for the US Control Eastern Europe to block US influence Reunite a stabilized GermanyKeep Germany divided to maintain power

4. International Politics Iron Curtain Refers to the division between the East and West in Europe Result of the Potsdam Conference in which Truman and Stalin go head-to-head “Democracy and Communism cannot co-exist” Containment Truman’s foreign policy directed at blocking Soviet influence Marshall Plan- assistance program designed to give new countries money as a method of securing allies

5. Major Strategies Foreign Aid- attempt to win allies through financial, medical, and nutritional aid Ex. Marshall Plan in the United States Espionage- countries creating agencies to spy on each other for information Ex. CIA in the United States, KGB in the USSR Multinational Alliances- signing treaties with other nations and that insure military aid if war erupts Ex. NATO in the West, Warsaw Pact in the East

6. Major Strategies Propaganda- win support through mass media in countries overseas Ex. Utilizing radio broadcasts in multiple countries Brinkmanship- going to the brink of war to make the other side back down Ex. Cuban Missile Crisis Surrogate Wars- backing opposing sides in smaller conflicts instead of fighting directly Ex. Chinese Revolution, Korean War, Vietnam War

7. H-Bomb Soviet Union successfully detonated an Atomic Bomb in 1949 Power Source: Atomic bomb is the splitting of atoms as the trigger Hydrogen bomb is the fusion of atoms as the trigger Hydrogen Bomb Detonation: US- 1952 Soviet Union- 1953 Both countries began to strengthen air forces and stock pile nuclear weapons