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CH 6: Nonverbal Messages (slide 1) Chapter 6: Nonverbal Messages Copyright © 2013, 2009, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
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CH 6: Nonverbal Messages (slide 2) Principles of Nonverbal Communication Copyright © 2013, 2009, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved 1.Nonverbal messages interact with verbal messages Accent Complement Contradict Control Repeat Substitute
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CH 6: Nonverbal Messages (slide 3) Principles of Nonverbal Communication (cont.) Copyright © 2013, 2009, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved 2.Nonverbal messages help manage impressions To be liked To be believed To excuse failure To get help To hide faults To be followed To confirm and communicate self-image
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CH 6: Nonverbal Messages (slide 4) Principles of Nonverbal Communication (cont.) Copyright © 2013, 2009, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved 3.Nonverbal messages help form relationships 4.Nonverbal messages structure conversation 5.Nonverbal messages influence and deceive (“Security” t-shirt) 6.Nonverbal messages express emotions
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CH 6: Nonverbal Messages (slide 5) Channels of Nonverbal Communication Copyright © 2013, 2009, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved 1.Body gestures, movement – kinesics Emblems (body movements w/specific verbal translations, ex: signs for “OK” or “Peace”) Illustrators “illustrate” verbal messages (ex: the hand movement for “The fish was THIS big.” Affect displays communicate emotional meaning (ex. Expressions of happiness, surprise, anger, disgust) Regulators maintain the speaking of another (ex. Facial expressions and gestures indicating “keep going” or “hold on”) Adaptors satisfy some need (scratching head, chewing on pencil)
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CH 6: Nonverbal Messages (slide 6) Channels of Nonverbal Communication (cont.) Copyright © 2013, 2009, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved 2.Body appearance 3.Facial communication
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CH 6: Nonverbal Messages (slide 7) Channels of Nonverbal Communication (cont.) Copyright © 2013, 2009, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved 4.Eye communication – occulesis Functions of eye contact Monitor feedback Secure attention Regulate conversation Signal nature of relationship Signal status (staring contest) Compensate for distance
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CH 6: Nonverbal Messages (slide 8) Channels of Nonverbal Communication (cont.) Copyright © 2013, 2009, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved 5.Touch, tactile communication – haptics Highly primitive and essential Varies with age and relationship Has multiple meanings Positive emotions Playfulness Control (hand on shoulder) Ritual (shaking hands) Task-relatedness (checking someone’s forehead for fever)
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CH 6: Nonverbal Messages (slide 9) Channels of Nonverbal Communication (cont.) Copyright © 2013, 2009, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved 5.Touch communication (cont.) Touch avoidance is related to communication apprehension or anxiety Rules of touch vary culturally
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CH 6: Nonverbal Messages (slide 10) Channels of Nonverbal Communication (cont.) Copyright © 2013, 2009, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved 6.Paralanguage and silence Paralanguage – vocal but nonverbal Rate Volume Pitch Ex. “Is this the face that launched a thousand ships?” vs. “Is this the face…” etc.) We form impressions of people based on their paralanguage Paralanguage affects persuasiveness Norms for paralanguage vary culturally
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CH 6: Nonverbal Messages (slide 11) Channels of Nonverbal Communication (cont.) Copyright © 2013, 2009, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved 6.Paralanguage and silence (cont.) Silence communicates Functions of silence Time to think Hurt others (stonewalling) Respond to personal anxiety Prevent communication of conflict or certain topics Communicate emotions Achieve certain effects (dramatic pause) You have nothing to say
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CH 6: Nonverbal Messages (slide 12) Channels of Nonverbal Communication (cont.) Copyright © 2013, 2009, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved 6.Paralanguage and silence (cont.) Spiral of silence We’re more likely to voice your opinion if you agree with the majority on a controversial topic The minority view stays silent and the majority view gets stronger Different cultures view silence differently
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CH 6: Nonverbal Messages (slide 13) Channels of Nonverbal Communication (cont.) Copyright © 2013, 2009, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved 7.Spatial messages, territoriality – proxemics Proxemic distances Intimate – 0 to 18 inches, within touching distance Personal – 1 ½ feet to 4 feet, surrounded by protective bubble, touch only by stretching Social – 4 feet to 12 feet, conduct business or social interactions Public – 12 feet to 25+, keep your distance, people blend into the background
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CH 6: Nonverbal Messages (slide 14) Channels of Nonverbal Communication (cont.) Copyright © 2013, 2009, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved 7.Spatial messages, territoriality – proxemics
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CH 6: Nonverbal Messages (slide 15) Channels of Nonverbal Communication (cont.) Copyright © 2013, 2009, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved 7.Spatial messages (cont.) Territoriality Primary/home territories Secondary territories (your classroom seat) Public territories (a restaurant) Home field advantage (ppl take leadership role in their own home or office) Territorial markers Central markers (items you place in your territory) Boundary markers (armrests on chairs in cinemas) Ear markers (identifying marks on your possessions– ex. your phone cover)
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CH 6: Nonverbal Messages (slide 16) Channels of Nonverbal Communication (cont.) Copyright © 2013, 2009, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved 7.Spatial messages (cont.) Encroachment – right of invasion (my boss can come into my office; I can’t use his) Unwritten rule Usually granted to higher status
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CH 6: Nonverbal Messages (slide 17) Channels of Nonverbal Communication (cont.) Copyright © 2013, 2009, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved 8.Artifactual communication Messages conveyed by objects made by human hands; includes color, clothes, hairstyle, jewelry, perfume Space decoration Color communication (colors for skittles) Clothing and body adornment Cultural display (Hong Kong hairstyles) Scent (olfactory communication)
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