1. Special Examinations:

2. Ultrasonography: Uses sound waves to produce images. Motion of the scanned tissues is detectable on the screen.

4. Computerized axial tomography (CAT scan): Uses xrays to produce a cross section images of body parts.

6. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI): Uses radio waves to make images. Advantage of CAT and MRI differentiation of soft tissue and bone.

8. Thermography: Heat sensitive scanner that detects the temperature of the skin and muscles. Inflammatory reactions are indicated by the heat produced.

10. Diagnostic Endoscopy: Internal examination of tissues using an internal camera. They can be used to see the respiratory system, gastric system, urinary tract and joints. Some have graspers for taking samples.

12. Diagnostic Cardiogram (ECG, EKG) Measures electrical impulses within the heart to measure heart rate and rhythm. Bradyarrhythmia: slow heart rate Tachyarrhythmia: past heart rate PVC: Premature ventricular contration Asystole: no heart beart.

14. Clinical Chemistries: Organ functions can be determined through blood chemistry analysis. Kidney: BUN, Creatinine Liver: SGPT, SAP, Albumin Pancreas: Amylace, Lipace, Glucose

16. Tissue Biopsy and aspirate: Samples of tissues and tissue cells can be used to determine diagnoses such as: Inflammatory lesions Neoplastic lesions Infections Estrous cycle changes

18. Body Fluid Aspirate: Fluids can be removed from the body for analysis. Some fluids are centrifuged and stained.