2. a. Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space b. Matter can have different properties or characteristics i. can be hard or soft, cold or hot, liquid solid or gas a. A substance is a single kind of matter that is pure (always has the same makeup)

3. a. These are the simplest form of a substance b. These cannot be broken down into any other substance by chemical or physical means c. Each element has a specific physical and chemical property d. Represented by one or two letter abbreviation/symbol e. Elements are made up of one kind of atom

4. a. Atomic Theory: All matter is made up of atoms. b. Part of an Atom i. Nucleus (center of the atom): this holds two different particles 1. Protons: positively charged 2. Neutrons: these have no charge ii. The outside “cloud”: Contains one particles 1. Electrons: negatively charged

5. a. Different Atoms are put together to create Molecules i. These are held together by a chemical bond 1. Chemical bond: a force attraction ii. Naming of Molecules: 1. Step 1: Count how many of each atom you have 2. Step 2: Name according to numbers of each atom

6. 3. Things to remember a. Mono: Meaning one b. Di: Meaning two c. Tri: Meaning three d. If there is a carbon atom that will always be listed first.

7. iii. Practice Naming 1. 2. 3.

8. a. Compound: Made up of two or more elements i. These are chemically combined ii. The properties of a compound are different than that of its individual elements iii. Represented by a Chemical Formula 1. Example: Carbon Monoxide a. Chemical Formula: CO 2. Example: Trinitrogen Dioxide a. Chemical Formula:

9. b. Mixtures: two or more substances in the same place but are not chemically bonded together. i. Mixtures keep the same properties as all the substances that are in it ii. Heterogeneous Mixture: the different parts can be seen and can be separated iii. Homogeneous Mixture: the different parts cannot be seen and cannot be separated. 1. Example: a solution

10. iv. Classify each mixture as heterogeneous or homogeneous. 1. Fruit Salad: 2. Sand at the beach: 3. Orange Juice: 4. A smoothie: 5. Air you breathe: 6. Chocolate:

11. c. Practice i. Is C 6 H 12 O 6 an element, a compound or a mixture ii. Name this compound: H 2 O 2 :