1. The Classical Period Chapter 18 (part 1)

2. Classical Contexts  Classical Period: 1750-1825  Rise of the middle class led to music that was “of and for the masses”.  First public concerts  Audiences liked instrumental soloists to display their technique in the same way that singers had in the Baroque era.  Sonata: an musical work in several movements for one or more instruments (played, not sung).

3. Classical Music  Composers Write for Money  Classical composers almost always wrote for an occasion.  Weddings, funerals, opening of a new opera house, ect.  They also depended on payment for their income.  Wrote for royal courts, church positions, and taught in schools.  Wrote for commission, often dedicating a piece to whomever paid for it.  The Evolution of the Concerto  Concertos evolved from the Baroque form (Vivaldi) to the classical form (Mozart)  Baroque: string accompaniment; Classical: full orchestral accompaniment.  Baroque: alternate between solo and group; Classical: blended solo and group together.  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aFHPRi0ZeXE https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aFHPRi0ZeXE  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i2uYb6bMKyI (3 min) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i2uYb6bMKyI

4. Development of the Symphony  Symphony: an extended work for orchestra with several contrasting movements.  Basic form of movements: Fast, Slow, Minuet, Fast.  Most prolific symphony writers: Mozart, Beethoven, Haydn

5. Musician Profile  Franz Joseph Haydn  1732-1809  Austrian Composer  He was known as the “Father of the Symphony”, as he developed many of the characters of the musical form.  Symphony #94 in G Major (Surprise Symphony)  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bspkf0O8jS8 (9:30) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bspkf0O8jS8

6. Spanning Historical Periods: Beethoven.  Ludwig van Beethoven (1770)  Early Years  Beethoven’s early fame was as a piano virtuoso in Vienna.  He studied composition with Haydn.  At age 25, he published his first collection of pieces.  As he continued to compose, he began to push the limits of the classical style, giving his works dramatic power and dreamy qualities.

7. Sonatas  Sonatas have either three or four movements.  Fast, slow, fast (three movements)  Fast, slow, minuet, fast (four movements)  Each movement is like a chapter of a book: they are satisfying in themselves but require the other movements to complete the story.  Find the mood of each movement of Beethoven’s Pathetique piano sonata. What is the story of the entire piece?  Listen #5

8. Symphonies  Beethoven only wrote nine symphonies in his lifetime. Compared to Mozart or Haydn, that’s nothing, but his nine symphonies are some of the greatest musical works of all time.  Symphony #5: Find the two themes.  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7jh-E5m01wY https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7jh-E5m01wY  Symphony #9: Ode to joy  Tell the story  Listen #8  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QDViACDYxnQ (Beginning, 10 min, 25 min) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QDViACDYxnQ