1. The Age of Enlightenment and the Scientific Revolution

2. Remember the Renaissance and Humanism People started to view the world around them in terms of how they could be the best possible person. The Renaissance Man

3. 1600’ s Paradigm Shift WOW – Big Word! People start to question old ideas Church’s views and ideas not cutting it People start to use reason and rational thinking instead of just accepting traditions and concepts handed down by the church Scientific Revolution and Age of Enlightenment (Reason)

4. The Scientific Revolution! First!: Ptolemy and his geocentric theory of the universe. Geocentric means earth centered Church likes this cause GOD created earth therefore has to be the center! BUT some other dudes realize things don’t add up!

5. The Scientific Revolution! The Scientific Method By observing and experimenting humans could learn about the world around them like about the weather and the planets Bacon! NO not the kind you eat Scientist dude who says gotta pay attention to what you observe (see)

6. Scientific Revolution So many people catching on to using this scientific method process Leads to so many discoveries and overturning many traditional views that its called a Revolution However, not everyone happy about these changes The Church not happy Church not happy cause loose power! http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_Y-svkL6zdo http://www.mrroughton.com/teachers/scientific-revolution-notes

7. The Scientists Sir Francis Bacon (1561-1626) Scientific method Interested in finding the truth Shift from Greek method of conclusions based on assumptions Method powerful cause scientist could prove their theory!

8. The Scientists Nicolas Copernicus (1473-1543) Challenges idea that humans and earth are center of universe – geocentric Heliocentric – earth and all planets revolve around the sun Theory not published till after he dies because of Church

9. The Scientists Johan Kepler (1571-1630) Develops mathematical theory proving Copernicus’ work Discovers orbits of planets are elliptical Shows how universe can be studied, explained, and understood Universe not a mystery known only by God

10. The Scientists Galileo Galilei (1564-1642) Improved telescope Observes Jupiter’s moons, sun spots, and rings of Saturn Proved Copernicus was right about earth revolving around sun Church makes him recant (deny) his discoveries

11. The Scientists Isaac Newton (1642-1727) His Theory of Gravity adds the final proof of the heliocentric view of the universe He and others hold a mechanistic world view as opposed to the medieval world view The world is not some mystery known only by God but like a machine that works with many working parts http://www.mrroughton.com/teachers/scientific-revolution-notes

12. The Enlightenment European philosophers influenced by the scientific revolution Philosophers applied same principles of reason to study human life Their goal was to improve conditions for people

13. Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679) Wrote a book called Leviathan He believes in the absolute power of the monarchy However develops concepts important to Western Political ideas: Right of the individual Natural equality of all men All political power must be from the consent of the people Enlightenment Philosophers

14. John Locke (1632-1704) Writes The Second Treatise of Government Sovereignty resides in the people Famous for calling for separation of church and state He believes revolution acceptable when government steps on individual rights Enlightenment Philosophers

15. Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712- 1778) Publishes The Social Contract He believes that the “General Will” of the people guarantees protection under the laws collectively created He believes sovereignty lies with the people Democracy – Majority rules Did not believe in representative government Enlightenment Philosophers

16. Baron de Montesquieu (1689- 1755) Theory establishing the separation of powers U.S. Three Branches of government System of checks and balances He recognized three divisions of French society Monarchy, Aristocracy, and the commons Enlightenment Philosophers