1. 1 INTIMATE RELATIONSHIP

2. 2 INTIMACY Intimacy refers to sharing that which is inmost with others. The word itself is derived from the Latin intimus, which means “inner” on “inmost”

3. 3 PARENT-CHILD ATTACHMENT

4. 4 What is attachment Attachment refers to the strong emotional bond between an infant and a caregiver

5. 5 Parent-child attachment patterns influence later childhood peer relations and intimate adult relationship

6. 6 People with a secure attachment style have more successful intimate relationships later in life than those who are insecurely attached

7. 7 ATTACHMENT STYLE Secure Attachment Style Preoccupied Attachment Style Dismissing-Avoidant Attachment Style Fearful-Avoidant Attachment Style

8. 8 Secure Attachment Style Attachments marked by trust that the other person will continue to provide love and support

9. 9 Preoccupied Attachment Style An expectation about social relationships characterized by trust but combined with a feeling of being unworthy of others love and fear of abandonment

10. 10 Dismissing-avoidant Attachment Style An expectation about social relationships characterized by low trust and avoidance of intimacy, combined with high self-esteem and compulsive self-reliance

11. 11 Fearful-Avoidant Attachment Style An expectation about social relationships characterized by low trust and avoidance of intimacy, combined with a feeling of being unworthy of other’s love and a fear of rejection

12. 12 FRIENDSHIP

13. 13 Friendship As we mature, we not only form emotional ties with our family members, we also form friendship outside the home.

14. 14 Relationships based on friendship are primarily voluntary and mutually satisfying Friendship

15. 15 SELF-DISCLOSER SHAPES FRIENDSHIP DEVELOPMENT AND MAINTENANCE Self-disclosure –The revealing of personal information about oneself to other people

16. 16 Social Penetration Theory –A theory that describe the development of close relationship in terms of increasing self- disclosure SELF-DISCLOSER SHAPES FRIENDSHIP DEVELOPMENT AND MAINTENANCE

17. 17 Intimacy –Women’s friendships tend to be more intimate and involve more emotional sharing than men’s relationship GENDER DIFFERENCES EXIST IN HETEROSEXSUAL FRIEDSHIP

18. 18 Self-Disclosure –Women generally self-disclose more than men, especially in intimate relationship Physical Touching –Male friends less touching than did either female friends or mixed-sex friends GENDER DIFFERENCES EXIST IN HETEROSEXSUAL FRIEDSHIP

19. 19 Cross-Sex Heterosexual Friendships Gravitate to an “Intimacy Mean” Men tend to be more emotionally open and self-disclosing than they are with their male friends, while women disclose less and are not as intimate as they are with their women friends.

20. 20 Men and women are more likely to form and maintain friendships with the other sex when they have interests. The biggest problem in cross-sex friendship is sexual tension. Cross-Sex Heterosexual Friendships Gravitate to an “Intimacy Mean”

21. 21 Same-sex relationships of gay men are as intimate as those of lesbians Gender Differences Disappear in Same Sex Homosexual Friendship

22. 22 ROMANTIC RELATIONSHIP AND LOVE

23. 23 Romantic Relationships and Love The experience of romantic love differs from person to person, culture to culture, and over historical time.

24. 24 LOVE Social psychologists have recognized that a good definition of love must include the passionate, giddy feelings of romantic love as well as the deep, long term devotion of a long-married couple, lifelong friends or siblings

25. 25 LOVE Companionate Love (affectionate love) –The intimacy and affection we feel when we care deeply for a person but do not experience passion or arousal in the person’s presence

26. 26 LOVE Passionate Love –Strong feelings of longing, desire and excitement toward a special person

27. 27 LOVE Triangular Theory of Love –The idea that different kinds of love consist of varying degrees of three components: intimacy, passion and commitment

28. 28 Triangular Theory of Love Intimacy –Refers to feelings of being close to and bonded with a partner Passion –Refers to the “hot” parts of a relationship – the arousal you experience toward your partner, including sexual attraction

29. 29 Commitment –Consists of two decisions: the short-term one that you love your partner and the long-term one to maintain that love and stay with your partner Triangular Theory of Love

30. 30 Figure 9.1: The Triangle love

31. 31 MARRIAGE

32. 32 Marriage A general definition of marriage is that it is a social contract between two individuals that unites their lives legally, economically and emotionally.

33. 33 Marriage Broderick (1984) menggambarkan perkahwinan melalui 9 ciri yang lazimnya ditemui dikalangan individu pelbagai lapisan pendapatan, pendidikan dan kumpulan etnik.

34. 34 Marriage 1.Perkahwinan adalah peristiwa sosial 2.Perkahwinan adalah perhubungan antara dua keluarga dan jaringan sosial 3.Perkahwinan adalah perjanjian sah dari segi undang-undang antara individu dan negeri 4.Perkahwinan adalah penyatuan ekonomi 5.Perkahwinan adalah susunan yang paling biasa untuk orang dewasa

35. 35 6.Perkahwinan adalah konteks untuk perhubungan kelamin 7.Perkahwinan adalah unit reproduktif 8.Perkahwinan adalah unit untuk mensosialisasikan anak 9.Perkahwinan adalah peluang untuk membina perhubungan yang intim dan berkongsi.

36. 36 Types of Marriage Monogamy –having only one husband or wife at a time Serial Monogamy –practice of having series of partners : the idea or practice of having only one sexual partner at a time and entering another relationship when one comes to an end

37. 37 Types of Marriage Polygamy – having several wives or husbands at the same time Polygyny –A man has two or more wives at the same time Polyandry –A woman has two or more husband at the same time

38. 38 ENDING INTIMATE RELATIONSHIP

39. 39 People used different strategies to cope with a troubles relationship In dealing with relationship dissatisfaction, we employ four distinct strategies: –Loyalty –Neglect –Voice –Exit

40. 40 Loyalty –Passively but optimistically waiting for conditions to improve (hoping things to improve, pray, being supportive instead of fighting) Neglect –Passively allow conditions to deteriorate (refusing to deal with problems, ignoring partner/spending less time together, putting no energy into the relationship) People used different strategies to cope with a troubles relationship

41. 41 Voice –Actively & constructively attempting to improve condition (discuss problems, try to change, going to therapist) Exit –Actively harming or terminating the relationship (abusing partner, threaten to break up, actually leaving) People used different strategies to cope with a troubles relationship

42. 42 ENDING INTIMATE RELATIONSHIP Researches have begun to examine what makes people end their relationship and the disengagement strategies they use

43. 43 The Process of Breaking Up According to Steve Duck, relationship dissolution occurs in four stages 1.Intrapersonal phase –Think a lot about she /he is dissatisfied with the relationship 2.Dyadic Phase –The individual discuss the break up with the partner

44. 44 The Process of Breaking Up 3.Social Phase The breakup is announced to other people 4.Intrapersonal Phase The individual recover from the breakup and forms an account of how and why it happened

45. 45 Figure 9.2: Steps in dissolving close relationship

46. 46 THE EXPERIENCE OF BREAKING UP Akert (1998) found that the role people played in the decision to end the relationship was the single most powerful predictor of their break up experiences. Breakess were most upset

47. 47 THE EXPERIENCE OF BREAKING UP Women experienced somewhat more negative emotions than men When the breakup is mutual, partners are more likely to remain friends after the relationship