1. T HE I NDUSTRIAL R EVOLUTION K. Thompson

2. W HAT DO YOU THINK ?? Industrial Revolution o What do you think it means??? Brainstorm a list of ideas. Watch the introductory video and add new ideas to your brainstorm list as you watch. Streamline Video

3. I NDUSTRIAL R EVOLUTION The Industrial Revolution was the continuing changes in the United States economy that had started prior to the Civil War. The key change was the move from an economy based on agriculture to one based of the production of manufactured goods. Manufacturing goods requires raw materials, workers, and new ideas (technology). Technology means new ideas of how to do something well in addition to the equipment needed to do it.

4. T HINK ABOUT IT !! What was the Industrial Revolution??

5. T HE T RANSPORTATION S YSTEM The Transcontinental Railroad shipped raw materials to cities. A manufacture then changed those raw materials into consumer goods. Then, they shipped those goods to people throughout the country. Example : Grains shipped from the farms on the Great Plains to giant mills became cereal for American breakfast tables. Hogs and cattle were shipped to meat processing plants and then served for dinner throughout the country.

6. T HINK ABOUT IT !! How did railroads help the United States economy grow??

7. I NVENTIONS As you have learned, the telegraph was invented by Samuel Morse. It helped railroads communicate, stay on schedule and prevent accidents. Morse code was also used to place orders for goods and make sure they got delivered to the right place at the right time. The telegraph promoted economic growth and the industrial revolution.

8. A LEXANDER G RAHAM B ELL Invented the telephone and improved communication. Businesses could now communicate by telephone more quickly and easily than by the telegraph. The telephone was also easier to use because people did not have to learn a communication system such as Morse Code. Soon telephones were in the homes of the wealthy and eventually, almost every home would have one. Created new jobs for telephone operators. A job that was most often performed by a woman. Alexander Graham Bell Video

9. T HINK ABOUT IT !! Compare the telegraph to the telephone. How did these inventions further the industrial revolution in the United States. Group Discussion In your groups, take turns responding to the questions.

10. T HOMAS E DISON Thomas Edison did not invent the light bulb – he improved it. He invented the incandescent light bulb. This promoted economic growth because it made it possible to light factories as well as homes more safely than kerosene lamps. The light bulb made the use of electricity popular so electric generators were built and electric lines put up. The light bulb contributed to the growth of the revolution because it encouraged the development of electric powered factories. Instead of powering manufacturing plants by water power or by burning coal, they could now use electricity. Many businesses soon used electric light, too. Changed the work habits of Americans. They could now work longer hours. It also led to the invention of other devices for the use that used electricity such as vacuum cleaners and washing machines. The invention of the sewing machine and the typewriter also provided women with new job opportunities in clothing factories and offices. Thomas Edison Video

11. T HINK ABOUT IT !! Summarize how these inventions (the telephone and the light bulb) affected the lives of Americans.

12. T HE W RIGHT B ROTHERS The Wright Brothers started the aircraft industry. Orville and Wilbur Wright built the first working airplane. Tested planes in Kitty Hawk, North Carolina. It was a good location because it had strong winds and they could experiment in secret. First built a glider with no engine that could glide on the wind. Then they built the Flyer. It has a lightweight motor and a propeller. The Flyer was in the air for 12 seconds and flew 120 feet before landing. The Wright Brothers Video

13. T HINK ABOUT IT !! Summarize the inventions of Thomas Edison, Alexander Graham Bell, and the Wright Brothers.

14. M ASS P RODUCTION The process of manufacturing goods on a large scale. New methods were used to turn raw materials into consumer products. Andrew Carnegie brought the Bessemer Process– this converted iron into steel. Meat packers developed a “dis-assembly” line where hogs and cattle were killed, then cut into steaks and chops, etc… More modern examples of mass production Hershey’s Kisses Coca Cola

15. A SSEMBLY L INE Henry Ford built a car called the Model T. There weren’t many cars on the road at that time. They were expensive to build and to buy. The earliest cars were loud and unsafe – people fearing riding in them. Ford wanted to build a car that was safe and affordable. By building all of his cars exactly alike, he could sell them at low prices. He did this by using an assembly line. Workers stood in one place and put parts of the cars together as the pieces went by on a moving belt. This allowed Ford to build a whole car in just an hour and a half! Without the assembly line, it would have taken more than 12 hours!

16. B IG B USINESS In the late 1800’s and early 1900’s, big businesses helped the United States economy grow quickly. The large scale production of steel, the expansion of railroads, and the oil industry all led to the birth of big business in the growing United States.

17. R ISE OF B IG B USINESS Steel is made from melting iron and adding carbon. It is a stronger material than iron. It can hold more weight and bend without cracking. Andrew Carnegie saw a huge market for steel in the US. Starting using the Bessemer’s process. His goal: to produce steel at the lowest cost. So he bought coal/iron mines to provide his mills with those resources. Bought railroads and ships to bring those materials. US was producing more steel than anywhere in the world. Used it to build buildings, bridges, cars, trains, railroads. SteelRailroads Oil

18. T HINK ABOUT IT !!  Who built a huge steel empire??  How did his control of the production process (the mine, railroad, ships, etc) allow him to produce steel at a lower cost??

19. R ISE OF B IG B USINESS Railroad companies became on of the nation’s first large corporations. They were the fastest and cheapest way to transport goods. For example: Farmers on the Plains could grow more wheat because trains transported crops to cities where it could be sold. Factories in the East could produce more tools because trains could take them to stores all over the country. Railroads helped the United States economy grow. Steel Railroads Oil Steel is made from melting iron and adding carbon. It is a stronger material than iron. It can hold more weight and bend without cracking. Andrew Carnegie saw a huge market for steel in the US. Starting using the Bessemer’s process. His goal: to produce steel at the lowest cost. So he bought coal/iron mines to provide his mills with those resources. Bought railroads and ships to bring those materials. US was producing more steel than anywhere in the world. Used it to build buildings, bridges, cars, trains, railroads.

20. T HINK ABOUT IT !!  How did railroads help the United States economy grow???

21. R ISE OF B IG B USINESS Oil was found in Pennsylvania in 1859. People rushed to the region to drill for oil. Called it “black gold.” John D. Rockefeller built his first oil refinery in 1863. He then bought other refineries. His company, Standard Oil had become a monopoly. People started buying cars in large numbers. So there was a demand for products made from oil: gas, motor oil. It is still one of the biggest industries in the world. SteelRailroads Oil Railroad companies became on of the nation’s first large corporations. They were the fastest and cheapest way to transport goods. For example: Farmers on the Plains could grow more wheat because trains transported crops to cities where it could be sold. Factories in the East could produce more tools because trains could take them to stores all over the country. Railroads helped the United States economy grow. Steel is made from melting iron and adding carbon. It is a stronger material than iron. It can hold more weight and bend without cracking. Andrew Carnegie saw a huge market for steel in the US. Starting using the Bessemer’s process. His goal: to produce steel at the lowest cost. So he bought coal/iron mines to provide his mills with those resources. Bought railroads and ships to bring those materials. US was producing more steel than anywhere in the world. Used it to build buildings, bridges, cars, trains, railroads.

22. T HINK ABOUT IT !! What does the term “black gold” suggest about oil?? What effect did the rise of the car industry have on the oil industry?? John D. Rockefeller Standard Oil Company