2. Today’s Bellwork: Label the plant and animal cell Try to do it WITHOUT looking at your notes!

4. The Cell as a School Complete the chart. You may work with a partner. Be prepared to be called on to tell your part, what it does, and how you compared it to a part of the school. Be prepared to label that organelle on the board.

5. Life is Cellular Cell Structures & Functions Biology I

6. Introduction to Cells Before the 17th century, no one knew cells existed Most cells are too small to be seen with the unaided eye In the early 17th century microscopes were invented & cells were seen for the 1st time Anton Von Leeuwenhoek, a Dutchman, made the 1st hand-held microscope & viewed microscopic organisms in water & bacteria from his teeth In 1665, an English scientist named Robert Hooke made an improved microscope and viewed thin slices of cork viewing plant cell walls Hooke named what he saw "cells“

7.  The combined work of scientists Schleiden (plants), Schwann(animals), & Virchow (cells reproduction) is known as the Cell Theory : Principles of the Cell Theory All living things are made of one or more cells Cells are the basic unit of structure & function in organisms Cells come only from the reproduction of existing cells https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4OpBylwH9DU The Cell Theory

8. Cell Diversity Not all cells are alike Cells differ in size, shape, and function The female egg cell is the largest cell in the body & can be seen without a microscope Bacterial cells are some of the smallest cells & are only visible with a microscope

9. Cells come in a variety of shapes, & the shape helps determine the function of the cell (e.g. Nerve cells are long to transmit messages in the body, while red blood cells are disk shaped to move through blood vessels)

10. Basic Structure of a Cell

11. Introduction to Cells  Cells are the basic units of organisms  Cells can only be observed under microscope  Basic types of cells: Animal CellPlant Cell Bacterial Cell

12. Number of Cells Organisms may be: Unicellular – composed of one cell Multicellular- composed of many cells

13.  Prokaryotes include bacteria & lack a nucleus or membrane-bound structures called organelles  Eukaryotes include most other cells, have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles Cells May be Prokaryotic or Eukaryotic

14. Basic Parts of A Cell Despite the diversity among cells, three basic features are common to all cell types: –Plasma Membrane (cell membrane) –Cytoplasm –DNA

15. Prokaryotes Nucleoid region contains the DNA Cell membrane & cell wall Contain ribosomes to make proteins in their cytoplasm

16. Prokaryotic Cell - Bacteria

17. Eukaryotic Cell Contain 3 basic cell structures: Nucleus Cell Membrane Cytoplasm with organelles

18. Eukaryotic - Animal Cell

19. Eukaryotic - Plant Cell

20. Two Main Types of Eukaryotic Cells Plant Cell Animal Cell

21. Different kinds of animal cells white blood cell red blood cell cheek cells sperm nerve cell muscle cell Amoeba Paramecium

24. Complete the “Cell Organelles” handout (front and back). You may use your notes if needed. Work independently Turn in for a grade! Today’s Bellwork

27. Cell Wall Location: plant and bacteria cells only Description: Composed of polysaccharides and proteins to form cellulose Cell wall Function: Protect and support the enclosed substances Resist entry of excess water into the cell Give shape to the cell

28. Plasma (Cell) Membrane Location :prokaryotes and eukaryotes; The boundary of every cell (all cells) Description: Made of protein and phospholipids Function: is a selective barrier; Separates the living cell from its nonliving surroundings. Hydrophobic region Hydrophilic region

30. Nucleus Location: eukaryotes only Description: Membrane- bound organelle Function: Contains the genes (DNA) Function: Brain of the cell (controls all activities) nucleus

31. Cytoplasm Location: prokaryotes and eukaryotes (all cells) Description: Jelly-like substance enclosed by cell membrane Function: Entire region taking up space between the cell (plasma) membrane and all organelles. cytoplasm Cytoplasm

32. Network of fibers through out the cytoplasm. Composed of two main parts: 1.Microfilaments - support and cellular contraction 2.Microtubules - support and cell motility

33. Endoplasmic Reticulum Location: In eukaryotes Description: folded membrane Description: where ribosomes may be located (rough ER) Function: where parts of the cell membrane are assembled (lipid) and where proteins are modified

34. Smooth and Rough ER Smooth ER: does not have ribosomes on its surface; contains enzymes that perform special tasks; makes lipids Rough ER: contain ribosomes; newly made proteins leave the ribosomes and go to the ER where they may be modified

35. Rough and Smooth ER https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eH5k8XY Kycshttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eH5k8XY Kycs

36. Ribosomes Location: Found in eukaryotic cells and some bacteria Description: small particles made of RNA and protein; found in the cytoplasm and on rough ER Function: Translate the RNA code (that comes from DNA) to make proteins

37. Ribosomes and Protein Synthesis https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h5mJbP2 3Buohttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h5mJbP2 3Buo

38. Mitochondria Location: Eukaryotes Description: phosopholipid folds called cristae which contain proteins needed for chemical reactions. Function: It is the site of cellular respiration, a process that uses energy extracted from organic macromolecules (like glucose) to produce ATP. Also known as the “powerhouse” Outer membrane Inner membrane

39. Location: eukaryotes Description: sac-like structure; very large in plants Function:stores water, salts, proteins, carbs In plants, the vacuole will fill up and provide structure (when it is dry, the vacuole dries up and the plant wilts.Vacuoles

40. Vacuoles Vacuoles may store other substances Examples –Acacia trees store poison in some vesicles –Tobacco plants store nicotine in a storage vacuole –Color pigments (rose petals)

41. Vacuoles = Vesicles Small vacuoles used in transporting materials are called vesicles Examples: –Lysosomes – used to break down unwanted/unneeded materials –Peroxisomes – abundant in liver and kidney cells; detox –Contractile vacuoles – contract and get rid of excess water

42. Chloroplast Outer Membrane Inner Membrane Stroma Granum Thylakoid Location: Found in photosynthetic plants cells. Description: membrane bound and contain chlorophyll (green pigment) Function: The site of photosynthesis, a process that uses light energy (sun) and water to produce organic macromolecules (glucose).

43. Golgi Body/Apparatus Location: eukaryotic cells Description: folded stack of membranes Function: receive vesicles from the ER containing newly made proteins Proteins get address labels and are shipped out to where they need to go https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jq8tIJml DkEhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jq8tIJml DkE

44. Organelles Found in Cells  Nucleolus – makes ribosomes  Lysosomes – digests & gets rid of wastes  Golgi Bodies– wrap & export proteins ( Modifies, stores and routes products from the ER to the plasma membrane)  Ribosomes- site of protein synthesis incoming small subunit polypeptide mRNA 1234567

45. Cilia and Flagella Location: all cells Description: Extensions of the plasma membrane. Function: Aids in movement….

46. Differences between plant cells and animal cells Animal cellsPlant cells Relatively smaller in size Irregular shape No cell wall Relatively larger in size Regular shape Cell wall present

47. Animal cellsPlant cells Vacuole small or absent Glycogen as food storage Nucleus at the center Large central vacuole Starch as food storage Nucleus near cell wall Differences between Plant Cells and Animal Cells

48. Levels of organization Cells are grouped together and work as a whole to perform special functions

49. Levels of Organization  CELLS (muscle cells,nerve cells)  TISSUES (muscle, epithelium)  ORGANS (heart, lungs, stomach)  SYSTEMS (circulatory system)  ORGANISM (human) It’s You!

50. The Cell Parts Video and Worksheet https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=URU JD5NEXC8https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=URU JD5NEXC8