2. POINT > Define forest, silviculture and dendrology POINT > Describe characteristics of conifers POINT > Describe characteristics of deciduous trees POINT > Identify leaf characteristics POINT > Use key to identify Minnesota trees

3. POINT > Define forest, silviculture and dendrology To be classified as forested, an area must be at least one acre and contain at least 10% tree cover.

4. Minnesota Biomes

6. Check: What are 3 biomes in Minnesota? What is defined as “forested” land?

7. POINT > Define forest, silviculture and dendrology Dendrology is the study of trees. This includes taxonomy, identification, silvical characteristics, ranges, morphology, and ecology

8. Taxonomy is the study of the classification of living things Morphology is the study of the shape, general appearance, or form of an organism Silviculture is the care and cultivation of forest trees POINT > Define forest, silviculture and dendrology

9. What makes a tree a tree? Heights at least 4.5 meters (about 15 feet) full grown Single dominant woody stem (trunk) Capable of diameter growth Perennial (present at all seasons of the year)

10. What makes a shrub a shrub? Heights under 4.5 meters (less than 15 feet) Multi-stemmed Capable of diameter growth Perennial plant

11. WB CHECK: Your neighbor has a plant in her backyard, and she’s not sure if it’s a tree or a shrub. How can you determine which it is? What is the study and care of forest trees called? What is the study of tree shape called?

12. Conifers vs. Deciduous Trees

13. POINT > Describe characteristics of conifers Needle-shaped leaves Seeds that develop inside cones Evergreen – stay green all year, including winter Examples: pine, spruce, hemlock, fir

14. POINT > Describe characteristics of conifers Needle-like leaves Scale-like leaves

15. POINT > Describe characteristics of conifers Leaves in clusters Single leaves

16. WB CHECK: What are two characteristics of conifer trees?

17. POINT > Describe characteristics of conifers Balsam fir Douglas fir Fraser fir Scotch pine Red pine White pine

18. POINT > Describe characteristics of deciduous trees Broad, flat leaves Lose all leaves each year in the fall Examples: oak, maple, beech, aspen, ash

19. Deciduous examples Red oak Red maple Black locust White birch Crimson king Honey locust Beech Elm

20. WB CHECK: What are two characteristics of deciduous trees?

21. The petiole: connects the leaf to the woody stem POINT > Identify leaf characteristics

22. Leaf arrangement: whorl, alternate, opposite Leaf type: simple or compound Leaf edge: smooth, lobed, toothed (serrated) Leaf texture: hairy, waxy, rough, smooth, thick, thin, etc.

23. POINT > Identify leaf characteristics alternate opposite whorled Leaf arrangement:

24. POINT > Identify leaf characteristics Simple Compound Leaf type:

25. Simple Compound Only one leaf blade Joined by its stalk (petiole) to the woody stem Examples: maple, oak, aspen, beech Made up of several leaflets Leaflets are joined to a midrib (petiole) that is not woody Examples: ash, walnut, sumac POINT > Identify leaf characteristics

26. WB CHECK: What is the leaf arrangement? What is the leaf type?

27. POINT > Identify leaf characteristics Leaf edge: Lobed SmoothToothed

28. POINT > Identify leaf characteristics Leaf texture: smooth, waxy, hairy, ribbed, etc

29. WB CHECK: What is the leaf arrangement? What is the leaf type? What type of leaf edge?

30. WB CHECK: What are two characteristics of leaves you could use for tree identification? What is a petiole?

33. More characteristics to ID trees: Bark Twigs Flowers Fruits/Seeds Cones Overall shape

34. Practice tree identification with samples today Team tree identification outside tomorrow, dress appropriately!