1. Hasmukh Goswami College Of Engineering
SOIL MECHANICS ( )
“COMPACTION”
SUBMITTED BY:-
No.
Full_Name
Enroll_No. 1.
ANAGHAN SHANI 2.
LAKKAD SAGAR 3.
NAVADIYA KRRISH 4.
PARMAR ANKIT -
INTERNAL GUIDES
DEVANSHI PATEL
Hasmukh Goswami College Of Engineering

2. INDEX:- No. NAME 1. Introduction – compaction and consolidation 2.
Principles of Compaction 3.
Compaction curve 4.
Effect of compaction on soil properties 5.
M.D.C. AND O.M.C. 6.
Zero air void line or saturation line 7.
Laboratory compaction tests 8.
Factors affecting compaction 9.
Methods of field compaction

3. INTRODUCTION:- What is Compaction :
When loose soils are applied to a construction site, compressive mechanical  energy is applied to the soil using special equipment to density the soil or reduce the void ratio.
The compaction process may be accomplished by rolling, tamping or vibration.
What is Consolidation:
When a Static loads are applied to saturated soils, and over a period of time the increased stresses are transferred to the soil skeleton, leading to a reduction in void ratio.
Depending on the permeability of the soil and the magnitude of the drainage distance, this can be a very time-consuming process.

4. Principles of Compaction:-
Compaction of soils is achieved by reducing the volume of voids. It is assumed that the compaction process does not decrease the volume of the solids or soil grains·
Compaction
Consolidation
Compaction means the removal of air- filled porosity.
Consolidation means the removal of water-filled porosity.

5. Compaction curve:-
Compaction curve is plotted between the water content as abscissa And the dry density as ordinate. It is observed that the dry density increases with an increase in water content till the max. density is attained. With Further increase in water content, the dry density decreases.
MDD
Compaction curve
Dry density
OMD
Dry side
Wet side
Water content%

6. Effect of compaction on soil properties:-
1. Soil structure:
-Type of soil
-Water content
-Type and amount of compaction
flocculated
dispersed
High compactive effort curve
Dry density
dispersed
low compactive effort curve
flocculated
Water content%

7. Effect of compaction on soil properties:-
2. Permeability
3. Shrinkage selling
4. Pore water pressure
5. Compressibility
6. Swelling
7. Stress-strain relationship
Dry side
Deviator stress
Wet side
Axial strain
STRESS – STRAIN CURVE

8. The shear strength of compacted clays deepened upon -Dry density
-Water content
-Soil structure
-Methods of compaction
-drainage condition
-Type of soil
Dry side
Deviator stress(τ)
Wet side
Normal strain(σ)

9. M.D.C. AND O.M.C. :- Optimum moisture content (OMC) :
with increase in water content, initially the dry density increases,
and becomes maximum with further increase in water Content,
the dry density decrease. The water content at which Dry density
is maximum is called optimum moisture content.
Maximum dry density (MDD) :
The dry density corresponding to optimum moisture content
is called maximum dry density

10. Zero air void line or saturation line :-

11. Laboratory compaction tests :-
Standard proctor test (AASHO test)
Modified proctor test (modified ASSHO test)
I.S. compaction test
Harvard miniature compaction test
Dietert test
Abbot compaction test
Jodhpur mini-compactor test

12. Factors affecting compaction :-
Water content
Amount of compaction
Type of soil
Method of compaction
Thickness of layer
Saturation line
Admixtures
Stone content

13. Methods of field compaction :-
1.Rolling
2.Ramming
3.Vibrations
1.Rolling:-
Factors:
-contact pressure
-number of passes (normally 5 to 15)
-layer thickness (less than 15cm)
-speed of roller
Types:
-Smooth wheel rollers
-Pneumatic tired rollers
-Sheep foot rollers
-Track laying vehicles

14. 2.Ramming :
A hand operated rammer consists of a block of iron, about
3 to 5kgIn mass, attached to a wooden rod. The rammer is
Lifted about .30m and dropped on the soil to be compacted.
3.Vibrations :
In vibratory compactors, vibrations are include in soli during
Compaction. The compactors are available in a variety of forms.
When the vibrator is mounted on a drum, it is called a vibratory
roller.

15. THANK you
By Anaghan Shani
LAKKAD SAGAR
NAVADIYA KRRISH
PARMAR ANKIT