1. The Spanish- American War Goal 6

2. New American Diplomacy HW Quiz 1. Who wrote “The Influence of Sea Power upon History”, calling for the expansion of the military? 2. What agreement said that Cuba would stay independent, but would still be tied to the United States? 3. What policy said that the United States could trade freely with China, even though they didn’t have a “Sphere of Influence”? 4. What was William Taft’s foreign policy? 5. What was the Great White Fleet, and what was its purpose? Bonus (10 points): What did the 17 th Amendment do?

3. Essential Idea The consequences of the Spanish- American War marked the beginning of American imperialism.

4. Reasons for War The event: Spanish-American War Two major causes: 1. Yellow Journalism 2. U.S.S. Maine exploded The rallying cry: “Remember the Maine!” In addition to declaring war, America added the TELLER AMENDMENT, which said that Cuba would stay INDEPENDENT after the United States won the war

5. The Philippines Event: Spanish American War Front #1: The Philippines Major leader: George Dewey

6. The Philippines The Philippines were owned by Spain, who kept a strong naval base there Dewey decided to strike the Filipino base first, before it could be sent to attack America in the East

7. Fighting in the Philippines Battle of Manila Bay- on May 1, 1898, four American ships attacked at dawn, rapidly destroying eight Spanish warships President McKinley was surprised by the fast victory, and he deployed 20,000 troops to help Dewey

9. Fighting in the Philippines While waiting for reinforcements, Dewey’s men and Filipino rebels joined forces Rebels took the island while Dewey’s troops captured the capital, Manila (we won!)

10. Fighting in Cuba The Event: Spanish American War Front #2: Cuba Major Leader: Theodore Roosevelt

11. Fighting in Cuba Both Americans and Spanish were weak on land and were suffering from yellow fever It became apparent that the war would be won at SEA

12. At Santiago Bay, the Spanish fleet sat in the water, backed by land-based guns

13. The strategy- take out the guns by land, then send the navy into Santiago Bay to attack the Spanish fleet

14. The Rough Riders The Rough Riders- part of the land forces, led by Theodore Roosevelt, made up of Western cowboys, miners, and law officers

15. The Spanish Fleet on the Run Battles of El Caney and San Juan Hill- Rough Riders and black regiments won and made the Spanish panic

16. Victory in Cuba The Spanish fleet tried to escape Santiago Bay and was attacked by American warships, where EVERY Spanish ship was sunk or beached VictoryVictory

17. To the Victor goes the Spoils The agreement: Treaty of Paris What did America win? Puerto Rico, Guam, Cuba, and the Philippines What did we do with Puerto Rico AND Guam? We annexed them (kept them as territory)

19. Not so Fast, Cuba Old Agreement with Cuba: Teller Amendment- Cuba can stay independent New Agreement: Platt Amendment- Cuba is independent, but it cannot sign treaties without U.S. permission and we can interfere with Cuba to keep peace Why? Kept Cuba tied to U.S., good for U.S. economic and military interests

20. The Big Question The big question was: Should the United States annex (keep) the Philippines? Pro-annexation arguments: 1. it would help the military because we could put bases there

21. Annexation?: Yes! 2. it would help economy because it would be a good refuel/resupply point on the way to Asia (like Hawaii) 3. Anglo-saxonism- the United States could “civilize” the native Filipinos

22. Who do the big men represent? What are the big men doing? What is the REAL white man’s burden, according to this cartoonist?

23. Annexation?: No! Anti-annexation arguments: 1. Anti-imperialist league- members included Mark Twain, William Bryan, Samuel Gompers, Jane Addams, and Andrew Carnegie

24. Annexation?: No! 2. It would be hypocritical to believe in self-government but try to run other countries (we would be acting like Britain)

25. Decision: Yes! The Decision: Annex the Philippines President McKinley decided to annex the Philippines for two reasons: 1. so no other country could take over the Philippines 2. so that the Filipinos could be “civilized”

26. The Impact of the Spanish-American War Causes: Yellow Journalism U.S.S. Maine exploded Effects: Our foreign policy became more imperialistic We owned land all across the Pacific Ocean We had a very powerful military We were becoming a WORLD POWER