1. 1 Spanish American War

2. Expansion Manifest Destiny: America Superior and divine right to control land from Atlantic Ocean to Pacific Ocean. -Purchased Florida, Alaska -Gained Oregon Territory -Fought for Texas -Seized California, Southwest territory from Mexico -Louisiana Purchase Monroe Doctrine (1823): United States Control the Western Hemisphere 2

3. Manifest Destiny 3

4. 4 Causes of Spanish American War  Industrial Revolution  Imperialism  Social Darwinism- Activity  Yellow Journalism  Militarism  World Power (land)

5. 5 Industrial Revolution Industrial Revolution: Transition from hand production to mass producing goods and resources. United States started to over produce goods and needed new markets (Other Countries) to sell too.

6. 6 Imperialism Imperialism: A Stronger Country controls another Countries or Territories government, Economics and people. -After over production during the Industrial Revolution the United States needed new markets to sell their goods -More land to get raw materials -Show of Military Power (Alfred Mahan)

7. 7 Social Darwinism Social Darwinism: Survival of the fittest. Only the Strong survive. https://www.y outube.com/w atch?v=18- Db4XPA3g

8. 8 Social Darwinism

9. 9 Yellow Journalism Yellow Journalism: that exploits, distorts, or exaggerates the news to create sensations and attract readers. Joseph Pulitzer William Hearst New York WorldYellow Baby New York Journal

10. 10 Militarism -Militarism: a country should maintain a strong military capability and be prepared to use it aggressively to defend or promote national interests. -Alfred Mahan: Wrote a Book suggesting that if the United States wanted to become a world power it needed a strong Navy to compete with the rest of the World.

11. 11 World Power Need for new markets to sell goods More land to get raw materials Keep up with European Powers Goals of leadership

12. 12 Events-Timeline  1895: Cuban nationalists revolt against Spanish rule  1896: Spanish General Weyler (the "Butcher") comes to Cuba.  1897: Spain recalls Weyler  Early 1898: USS Maine sent to Cuba  February 9, 1898: Hearst publishes Dupuy du Lome's letter insulting McKinley. Letter PBS

13. Revolution in Cuba Cubans struggles for independence from Spain. 1895: Cuban nationalists revolt against Spanish rule. 1896: Spanish sent General Weyler (the "Butcher") to Cuba to prevent lose of control 13

14. 14 General Weyler “ The Butcher ” In 1896, the Spanish sent "The Butcher," to Cuba To prevent the Cuban Revolt – Weyler built concentration camps in which he imprisoned a large portion of the population Under the harsh and unsanitary conditions in the concentration camps, –Cuban prisoners died rapidly, especially from disease

15. Revolution in Cuba Weyler built concentration camps in which he imprisoned a large portion of the Cuban population Under the harsh and unsanitary conditions in the concentration camps, Cuban prisoners died rapidly, especially from disease 15

16. 16 USS Maine USS Maine was sent to the Havana Harbor (Cuban capital) to show US concern and presence

17. Hearst publishes Dupuy de Lome's letter insulting McKinley Besides the natural and inevitable coarseness with which he repeats all that the press and public opinion of Spain have said of Weyler, "It shows once more that McKinley is weak and catering to the rabble (people) and, besides, a low politician who desires to leave a door open to himself and to stand well with the jingos of his party." 17

18. 18 William Randolph Hearst Newspaper publisher and leading example of yellow journalism New York Journal started a public hysteria for war with Spain by publishing incendiary articles and illustrations Hearst once said "You provide the pictures and I'll provide the war."

19. 19 Events-Timeline  February 15, 1898: Sinking of the USS Maine  February 25, 1898: Assistant Secretary of the Navy Theodore Roosevelt cables Commodore Dewey with plan: attack the Philippines if war with Spain breaks out  April 11, 1898: McKinley approves war with Spain  April 24, 1898: Spain declares war on the US  April 25, 1898: US declares war on Spain

20. 20 To Hell with Spain Remember the Maine At 9:40pm on February 15, 1898, the battleship U.S.S. Maine exploded in Havana Harbor 268 men were killed, shocking the American population What or who caused this explosion?

21. 21 Waiting for the Facts Who is waiting? Why should we wait for the “ facts ” ? Why might the United States want to go to war? What positive effects or outcomes could come from a war with Spain?

22. 22 Theodore Roosevelt Assistant Secretary of the Navy. “ I should welcome almost any war, for I think this country needs one ” First Volunteer Cavalry, nicknamed the “Rough Riders. ” http://www.history.com/topics/us-presidents/theodore-roosevelt/videos/roosevelt-fights-in-spanish-american-war

23. 23 William McKinley, Jr. (1843-1901) 25 th President Wanted to avoid war in Cuba Yellow journalism and public supported war In April 1898, President McKinley abandoned his failed diplomatic efforts and asked Congress for permission to intervene in Cuba. April 11, 1898: McKinley approves war with Spain

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25. The Spanish American War Begins  April 24, 1898: Spain declares war on the US  April 25, 1898: US declares war on Spain 25 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4PK5XvSxJhU

26. Building An Army United States Army is not big enough Recruiting an Army Great Adventure Be Home Soon 125,000 Men Volunteered to fight 26

27. 27 Events-Timeline  May 1, 1898: Battle of Manila Bay (Philippines)  July 1, 1898: San Juan Hill taken by "Rough Riders”  July 3, 1898: Battle of Santiago - Spain's Caribbean fleet destroyed.  July 7, 1898: Hawaii annexed  July 17, 1898: City of Santiago surrenders to General William Shafter  August 12, 1898: Spain signs armistice  August 13, 1898: US troops capture Manila

28. 28 Commodore George Dewey May 1, 1899— Commodore Dewey and his Asiatic Squadron defeated the Spanish fleet in Manila Bay During and after the war, George Dewey became one of the war's most celebrated heroes

29. The Battle of Manila Bay 29

30. The Battle of Manila Bay On May 1, 1898 American Navy Warships under Commodore George Dewey were sent to Manila Bay off the coast of the Philippines. They were sent to engage and destroyed the Spanish Pacific Squadron. This became the first major engagement of the Spanish–American War. The U.S. Fleet destroyed the Spanish Pacific Squadron which eliminated the threat of the Spanish Fleet to intervene in Cuba. This battle also ended the Spanish colonial period in the Philippines. 30

31. 31 July 1, 1898: San Juan Hill taken by "Rough Riders”???

32. 32 The Battle of San Juan Hill and Kettle Hill The decisive battle of the Spanish–American War On July 1, 1898 The fight for San Juan Heights was the bloodiest and most famous battle of the war. It was also the location of the greatest victory for the Rough Riders, as claimed by the press and its new commander, the future vice-president and later president, Theodore Roosevelt, The American press at the time overlooked the fact that the Buffalo Soldiers of the 10th Cavalry and 24th Infantry Regiments had actually done much of the heaviest fighting

33. 33 Buffalo Soldiers

34. The Battle of Santiago After the Americans won the battle of San Juan Hill the next day they began a siege of Santiago On July 3, The United States Navy fleet fought and caused total destruction of the Spanish Navy’s Caribbean Squadron. On Land (July 3 – July 14) The Siege of Santiago was the last major operation of the Spanish American War. This battle lasted until the Spanish finally surrendered the city of Santiago after two weeks of fighting. 34

35. 35 Map

36. End of the Spanish American War On August 12, 1898 Spain signs an armistice Armistice = Arms Justice or Cease Fire 36

37. 37 Events-Timeline  December 10, 1898: Treaty of Paris signed  January 23, 1899: Philippines declares itself an independent republic  February 6, 1899: the Treaty of Paris passes in the Senate  United States battle Filipinos and Gorilla Warfare  1900: Foraker Act - Some self-government allowed in Puerto Rico.

38. Treaty of Paris The Treaty of Paris signed December 10, 1898 ended the Spanish American War. was an agreement made that resulted in the Spanish Empire’s surrendering control of Cuba, Puerto Rico, parts of the West Indies, island of Guam and the Philippines to the United States. The U.S. paid Spain $20 million for the Philippines The Treaty ended the Spanish Empire in the Americas and the Pacific Island This marked the beginning of the age of the U.S. as a World Power 38

39. United States in The Philippines The Philippines thought the U.S. promised Independence –Then they learned the terms of the Treaty the Filipinos vowed to fight for Freedom February 1899, led by Aguinaldo the Philippines revolted against the U.S. –The U.S. forced Filipinos to live in designated zones Poor Sanitation Starvation Diseases killed thousands This was what America condemned Spain for in Cuba 39

40. 40 Emilio Aguinaldo  The Philippines' revolutionary leader  Fought first against Spanish imperialism  After the end of the Spanish- American War, fought against American

41. United States in The Philippines 70,000 U.S. Troops sent to the Philippines White American Soldiers were inferior to the Filipinos Many of the African American Soldiers questioned why they were being used to spread racial Prejudice Many African Americans deserted the U.S. Army and befriended the Filipinos 3 years of War America killed over 20,000 Filipinos 4,000 Americans died and cost the U.S. $400 million Americas Set up a government in the Philippines and eventually handed Independence over to the Philippines 41

42. United States Governs Puerto Rico The Foraker Act (Ohio Senator Joe Foraker) was enacted April 12, 1900. A federal law that established civilian government on the island of Puerto Rico, which had recently become a possession of the United States as a result of the Spanish–American War This established Puerto Rican citizenship. 42

43. Puerto Rican Citizenship In 1917, the Jones–Shafroth Act: Puerto Ricans could have duel citizenship in both Puerto Rican and the United States. In 1922, the U.S. Supreme court (Balzac v. Porto Rico): ruled that the full protection and rights of the U.S constitution do not apply to residents of Puerto Rico unless they reside in the United States. 43

44. 44 Events-Timeline  March 1901: Emilio Auginaldo captured.  1901: Platt Amendment  1902: US withdraws from Cuba  1917: Puerto Ricans given US citizenship

45. 45 United States and Cuba 1901: Platt Amendment- It stipulated seven conditions for the withdrawal of United States troops remaining in Cuba at the end of the Spanish–American War. It restricted Cuba in the conduct of foreign policy and commercial relations Cuba would sell or lease lands to the United States necessary for coaling or the development of naval stations Cuba most signed the Cuban–American Treaty (1903), which specified the terms of a lease of land to the United States for a coaling and naval station at Guantánamo Bay

46. 46 Results of the Spanish American War Treaty of Paris signed on December 10, 1898 ended the Spanish- American War Cuba went free, Guam, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines were ceded to the US, and the US agreed to pay Spain an indemnity of $20 million America becomes a world power

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