1. Introduction to Spanish- American War Ms. Wright “A Splendid Little War” John Hay, Secretary of State, 1898 A quick victory in the Spanish-American War gave the United States a new role as a world power.

2. 2 Background: The Philippines Cuba USA

3. 3 Cuba under Spain Cuba = Spanish Colony Sugar cane plantations 1/3 of Cubans enslaved until 1886 1868 – Cuban rebels declared independence Guerilla war against Spanish authorities Rebellion collapsed in 1878 – rebels fled to the U.S

4. 4 The Cuban Rebellion Jose Marti – exiled leader United exile groups in the U.S Raised money, weapons, and trained troops to invade Cuba!!! ***America economically linked to Cuba b/c the U.S imports sugar *** U.S invested $50 million in Cuba’s infrastructure 1894- U.S issued new tariff on sugar – wrecked Cuban economy Marti saw this as a perfect time to attack!!! Marti died in the battle. seize control of eastern Cuba declare independence declare the Republic of Cuba in September 1895

5. 5 America Supports Cuba Grover Cleveland said U.S neutral Economic interests Comparison to American Revolution Smuggle guns from Florida to Cuba

6. 6 Yellow Journalism Dramatic stories Writers exaggerated or made up stories to attract readers. New York Journal – William Randolph Hearst New York World – Joseph Pulitzer Competed for most outrageous story and $$$ Made Americans want to go to war!

7. 7 “The Butcher” Stories exaggerated – but Cubans were treated horribly 200,000 troops to put down rebellion General Valeriano Weyler – El Carnicero – The Butcher – Very harsh policies Cuban rebels continue guerilla war Destroy American property “reconcentration camps” –Cuban villagers rounded up put in “camp” –Died of starvation and disease

8. 8 Spanish American War 1897 – Wm. McKinley does not want to intervene in war Asked Spain can the U.S help negotiate Spain removed Weyler and offered Cubans autonomy, but they must remain part of the Spanish Empire Cuba wants full independence!

9. 9 Tensions rise… Spanish loyalists have a riot in Havana McKinley sent a ship to remove Americans Sends the battle ship Maine

10. 10 SPAIN EXPLODES THE MAINE!!!!!! Maine Explosion Caused by Bomb or Torpedo? 2/17/1898 New York World

11. 11 Sinking of the Maine in Havana Harbor What? USS Maine explodes in Havana, Cuba Harbor, “Spark” that started the war “Remember the Maine! To hell with Spain!” How did it lead to war? Most Americans believe it was Spain’s fault 1976 US Navy analyzed the sunken ship, decided that the hull blew OUT not IN

12. 12 Slide Analysis:

13. 13 McKinley under Pressure Enrique de Lome said McKinley “weak and a bidder for the admiration of the crowd” Mobs demonstrating against Spain and McKinley Roosevelt said “ no more backbone than a chocolate éclair”

14. 14 Move towards war -U.S declared Cuba independent -Declared Spain leave -U.S could use armed forces if necessary SPAIN DECLARES WAR April 24, 1898 – Spain declares war on the U.S

15. 15 Manila Bay May 1, 1898 What Happened at Manila Bay (Philippines)? Commodore George Dewey Surprise naval attack sunk the crumbling Spanish Navy Army leaves from San Francisco to Philippines – seized Guam.

16. 16 Emilio Aguinaldo U.S contacts Aguinaldo a Filipino revolutionary He leds guerilla war Americans seized Manila and blocked Aguinaldo from entering. Hostility between Filipinos and U.S U.S navy strong – Spanish in Cuba weak Blockade Cuba Attack Spanish in Philippines Determined to block Spain from attacking the U.S

17. 17 Battle in Cuba Army unorganized Volunteers flooded to training camps, die in training camps July 14, 1898 – Spanish fleet @ Santiago Harbor

18. 18 Rough Riders Who were the Rough Riders? Who was their leader? Teddy Roosevelt resigns as Asst Sec. of the Navy to lead a “Cowboy Calvary”

19. 19 Rough Riders What famous Battle did they participate in? San Juan Hill Kettle Hill ¼ of American troops in Spanish American war AA All black 9 th and 10 th Calvary

20. 20 Teddy Roosevelt Theodore Roosevelt gains popularity …paves way to White House U.S occupies Puerto Rico August 12, 1898 – Spain and U.S agree to cease fire

21. 21 Results US defeats Spain & becomes a world power Teddy Roosevelt elected Vice President in 1900 and becomes President in 1901 when McKinley is shot US must decide what to do about Spain’s former colonies (Philippines, Puerto Rico, and Cuba)

22. 22 Treaty of Paris December 10, 1898 Cuba became independent U.S got Puerto Rico and Guam Paid Spain $20 million for the Philippines THE U.S becomes an IMPERIAL POWER!

23. 23 So what did the U.S do??? Philippines Pros… Economic and military benefits Teach “less civilized” Cons… Anti imperialists Cost outweighs benefit Cheap labor Against American principles McKinley decides to annex.

24. 24 Rebellion in the Philippines Aguinaldo ordered his troops to attack American soldiers General Arthur McArthur – sets up reconcentration camps (hmmmm…didn’t the U.S tell Spain this was uncool?? ijs) Wm. Howard Taft – invested in reforming education, transportation, health care, railroads, bridges, telegraph lines, public school system, and health care policies. 1946 – U.S granted independence to the Philippines.

25. 25 Puerto Rico Foraker Act – made Puerto Rico unincorporated territory, Not U.S citizens, no rights, Congress can pass laws for the island 1917 – Puerto Ricans became U.S Citizens 1947 – island allowed to elect a governor Democracy Act of 2009 – passed in the House

26. 26 Cuba and the Platt Amendment Cuba granted independence with stipulations Platt Amendment 1.No treaty with another nation that would weaken its independence or let another nation gain territory 2.U.S buy or lease naval stations 3.Debts kept low 4.U.S has right to intervene Repealed in 1934

27. 27 Thinking Slide Do you think the war was a good idea?