1. 2004 SCCR Yen & Wu1 33 rd Annual Meeting February 19- 22, 2004 Hyatt Sainte Claire Hotel San Jose, California

2. 2004 SCCR Yen & Wu2 EXPLORING THE PARADIGM OF HOSPITALITY IN CHINESE Tsu-Hong Yen, Ph.D. Department of Hospitality Management Y. Diana Wu Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Library San Jose State University

3. 2004 SCCR Yen & Wu3 Presentation Outline Research method Meanings of hospitality in the Western society Meanings of hospitality in ancient Chinese Implications and conclusion

4. 2004 SCCR Yen & Wu4 Objective To explore the paradigm of hospitality in Chinese and the Western The host The guest Treatment of the guest

5. 2004 SCCR Yen & Wu5 Research Method Etymology — study of word origins Host Guest 賓客 Hospitality Literature search The etiquette of serving guests in ancient Chinese literature

6. 2004 SCCR Yen & Wu6 Background I 694 million international travelers in 2003 (WTO). Hospitality has become an international business. Hospitality is an important function for international companies.

7. 2004 SCCR Yen & Wu7 Background II Hospitality refers to the manner and generous treatments that the hosts offer to their guests. The need to understand the cultural dimension of hospitality Difficulity to find an equivalent word to “ hospitality ” in some cultures.

8. 2004 SCCR Yen & Wu8 Hospitality in the Western Society Hospitality The act or practice of being hospitable; the reception and entertainment of guests, visitors, or strangers, with liberality and goodwill. - Oxford Dictionary

9. 2004 SCCR Yen & Wu9 Word Origin of Hospitality Host derived from the Latin hostis (enemy). Guest derived from hospes (hospital). A hospital was originally a house of entertainment for pilgrims, and the duty of hospitallers was to provide pilgrims with hospitium (lodging and entertainment). Walford (1885)

10. 2004 SCCR Yen & Wu10 Functions of Hospitality Hospitality converts: strangers into familiars, enemies into friends, friends into better friends, outsiders into insiders, non-kin into kin. Tom Selwyn (2000) An Anthropology of Hospitality

11. 2004 SCCR Yen & Wu11 招呼 (zhao hu) Hospitality in Chinese 懇誠發呼中，以興佳樂賓客，當有懇誠 相招呼以成禮也。 Sincerity within, entertain noble guests with music; treat my noble guests wholeheartedly with high regards. 詩經小雅鹿鳴

12. 2004 SCCR Yen & Wu12 The guest ( 客 ke) appears in oracle bones and bronzeware in 18-10 th B.C.

13. 2004 SCCR Yen & Wu13 The Noble Guest 賓 (bin)

14. 2004 SCCR Yen & Wu14 賓 in bronze container, 1027-771 B.C.

15. 2004 SCCR Yen & Wu15 賓客 appear together on wine vessel in late W. Zhou Dynasty, 11-8 th B.C.

16. 2004 SCCR Yen & Wu16 Bronze wine goblet Source: National Palace Museum http://tech2.npm.gov.tw/DM2003/wcbi/b/object7/02.htm

17. 2004 SCCR Yen & Wu17 客 appears in bronze container 11-8 th B.C.

18. 2004 SCCR Yen & Wu18 David Hume Custom is the great guide of human life. Scottish philosopher 1711-1776

19. 2004 SCCR Yen & Wu19 No one can understand the culture of a country without first experience its food and drink. Anonymity

20. 2004 SCCR Yen & Wu20 Implications Treatment of guests. Hospitality at the personal level. Commercial hospitality services — need to improve “ hospitality, ” i.e.,service quality

21. 2004 SCCR Yen & Wu21 Further Study Very few studies available in English language Journalists and travelers reports

22. 2004 SCCR Yen & Wu22 Contact Information Tsu-Hong Yen, Ph.D. Associate Professor Voice: 408-924-3292 Email: yen@casa.sjsu.edu Yuhfen Diana Wu Reference Librarian Voice: 408-808-2087 Email: Diana.Wu@sjsu.edu