1. Review Muscle Tissue and Muscular System Final exam review PPT 3

2. Muscle: extends forearm Triceps brachii

3. Muscle whose origin is on the superior ilium, insertion on the medial tibia, and acts in crossing the leg sartorius

4. Muscle: allows dorsiflexion of foot Tibialis anterior

5. Muscle: origin on thoracic and lumbar vertebrae and ilium; insertion on proximal end of humerus (armpit) Latissimus dorsi

6. Muscle: origin on sacrum and ilium, insertion on proximal femur; hip extensor Gluteus maximus

7. Muscle group, extends lower leg at knee, flexes thigh at hip and attaches tendon to patellar ligament and then to tibial tuberosity Quadriceps Rectus femoris Vastus lateralis Vastus medialis Vastus intermedius

8. Muscle that originates at the condyles of the femur, inserts on the calcaneus by the calcaneal tendon and is involved in plantar flexion of foot gastrocnemius

9. Which end of the biceps brachii is indicated by the box (notice the motion and which end of the muscle is moving)?

10. Muscle group that allow flexion at the knee

11. What muscle is this? trapezius

12. Name the muscle that allows abduction of the arm deltoid

13. Name the muscle Latissimus dorsi

14. muscle: origin on occipital bone and cervical and thoracic vertebrae, insertion on clavicle and scapula; action = raises arm, lowers scapula and shoulder trapezius

15. Name the types of muscle tissue.

16. Functions of skeletal muscle (tissue) or muscular system? Heat generation Maintain posture Produce movement Stabilize joints

17. Slow, rhythmic contractions of smooth muscle is called ___. Peristalsis or peristaltic contractions

18. Muscle tissue that is voluntary, striated, and multinucleated as seen below skeletal myofiber

19. When conscious control of muscles is possible, the muscle tissue is said to be …. voluntary

20. Name the type(s) of muscle tissue which are involuntary? Smooth Cardiac

21. The term describing the shape of these smooth muscle cells… Spindle shaped

22. Type of muscle tissue that causes peristalsis,vasoconstriction, and vasodilation Smooth muscle tissue

23. The capillary on the right has increased in diameter thus, it has undergone ____ due to relaxation of the smooth muscle in its walls. vasodilation

24. What does the arrow point at? Hint: this is cardiac muscle tissue. Intercalated disc

25. What are the wavy, vertical lines called in this skeletal muscle tissue? striations

26. Muscle tissue that is involuntary, striated, has intercalated discs, and is found in heart cardiac

27. What term describes a nerve cell that stimulates a skeletal muscle? Motor neuron

28. Transmission of an impulse down axon of motor neuron Action potential

29. What is shown below? Hint: it is the resetting of the membrane of a nerve or muscle cell after an action potential has traveled. Sodium potassium pump

30. This is an axon terminal of one neuron and a dendrite of another neuron. This junction is called a.. synapse

31. ‘A motor neuron and all the skeletal muscle cells it stimulates (or acts on) is called a …’ Motor unit

32. The red cell is a skeletal muscle cell that is attached to the stringy neuron. It is also called a … myofiber

33. What is shown in the square? myofiber Motor neuron Neuromuscular junction- junction of synaptic end bulb (axon terminal) of motor neuron and sarcolemma of myofiber

34. What are the little dots in the synaptic cleft/gap of the neuromuscular junction? chemicals called neurotransmitters that convert and transmit an electrical impulse across the n.m junction

35. What specific neurotransmitter is involved with transmission of an impulse across the neuromuscular junction? ACh (acetylcholine)

36. Inside a myofiber are organelles called ____ which contain myofilaments that slide myofibrils

37. The red myofilaments in the myofibril are composed of the protein called… myosin

38. The blue myofilaments of the myofibril are made mostly of the protein called… actin

39. “Working/contracting unit” in muscle cell/myofiber Sarcomere of myofibril

40. After myosin myofilaments grabs actin myofilaments, this energy storing molecule allows myosin to pull actin, detach,reattach, and pull again… ATP

41. What ‘theory’ is demonstrated here in this part of the muscular system? Sliding filament theory

42. ESSAY Functioning of neuromuscular junction Action potential in motor neuron and then into myofiber

43. Neuromuscular junction functioning Stimulation of motor neuron causes action potential/impulse from dendrites, cell body, axon, axon terminals, synaptic end bulbs, synaptic vesicles Synaptic vesicles burst and release ACh across synaptic gap from motor neuron to myofiber Neurotransmitter receptors of motor end plate of myofiber receive ACh

44. Neuromuscular junction functioning Stimulation of myofiber’s sarcolemma by Ach causes action potential/impulse in myofiber Impulse travels across sarcolemma to S.R. causing release of Ca+ Ca+ causes binding sites on actin myofilaments to open Cross bridges on myosin myofilaments attach to binding sites on actin Myosin cross bridges pull on actin ATP allows actin to slide, then detachment and reattachment of cross bridges and actin slides more, AKA sliding filament theory occurs