1. Digestive System Anatomy
Digestive tract
Alimentary tract or canal
Gastrointestinal (GI) tract
Accessory organs
Primarily glands
Liver, gallbladder, pancreas, salivary glands
Regions
Mouth or oral cavity
Pharynx
Esophagus
Stomach
Small intestine
Large intestine
Anus

2. ORAL CAVITY

3. ORAL CAVITY دهليز حفره دهان: كام سخت و كام نرم ، زبان و پرده‌هاي مخاطي
غدد بزاقي : سه زوج
لب‌ها
گونه‌ها
لثه‌ها Gums , Gingiva
دندان‌ها Teeth

4. Tooth Structure
Figure 23.11

5. Classification of Teeth
Incisors (2)
Canines (1)
Premolars (2)
Molars (3)
Slide 14.36a
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

6. Teeth Composition Dental caries Wisdom teeth – 3rd molars
Dentin – primary substance in tooth
Enamel – covers crown
Cementum – covers root
Dental caries
Wisdom teeth – 3rd molars
formation of erythrocytes

8. Tongue
Figure 23.8

9. Palate and Palatine Tonsils
Hard palate
Soft palate:
Palatine tonsils:

10. Tonsils
the pharyngeal tonsil= adenoids when enlarged, is in the midline on the roof of the nasopharynx
the palatine tonsils are on each side of the oropharynx between the palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal arches just posterior to the oropharyngeal isthmus; (The palatine tonsils are visible through the open mouth of a patient when the tongue is depressed.)

11. Salivary Glands
Parotid
Submandibular
Sublingual

12. Salivary Glands
Figure 23.9a

13. Anatomy of The pharynx Site
Seen from behind
Midline of the neck
From skull base to esophagus
In front of upper 6 Cervical vertebra
Behind :
The Nose
The Mouth
The larynx

14. Anatomy of The pharynx Shape
Irregular Fibromuscular tube lined by mucous membrane
Length: 15 cm

15. Anatomy of The pharynx Structure
The wall is formed of 4 layers
1-Mucous membrane
2- pharyngeal aponeurosis
3-muscle layer
4-Bucco-pharyngeal fascia
Formed of 3 muscles, superior middle and inferior constrictor muscles
Loose connective tissue which contains lymphoid tissue that aggregates in some areas forming tonsils (Waldayer’s ring)
Stratified squamous epithelium except the nasopharynx, it is pseudo-stratified with goblet cells
A thin coat of connective tissue

16. What is Waldeyer’s ring?
The lymphoid tissue in the
pharyngeal aponeurosis
aggregates in some areas
forming tonsils:
1-one nasopharyngeal tonsil
2- two palatine tonsils
3- two lingual tonsils

17. Anatomy of the pharynx Compartments
Seen from behind
Nasopharynx
Oropharynx
Laryngopharynx
(Hypopharynx)

18. Seen from lateral
Nasopharynx
Oropharynx
Laryngopharynx
(Hypopharynx)

19. Nasopharynx -Behind the nasal cavity -Extends from skull
Base superiorly to the
soft palate inferiorly
Communicates inferiorly with the oropharynx through the velo-pharyngeal sphincter
The nasopharyngeal tonsil lies in the roof
The pharyngeal opening of ET lies in the lateral wall

20. Nasopharynx

23. Oropharynx
Behind the oral cavity (in front of 2nd&3rd Cervical vertebra)
From the soft palate superiorly to tip of epiglottis inferiorly
Communicates:
Anteriorly with the oral cavity
Superiorly with the nasopharynx
Inferiorly with the hypopharynx
The paatine tonsils lie laterally
between the anterior and posterior
pilars

24. The posterior pillar formed The tonsils lie between the
The anterior pillar formed by
palatoglossus muscle
The posterior pillar formed
By palatopharyngeus m
The tonsils lie between the
Two pillars

27. Oropharynx: palatoglossal folds (arches) palatopharyngeal folds
palatine tonsils

29. Hypopharynx
Behind the Larynx (in front of 3rd to 6th Cervical vertebra)
From the tip of epiglottis superiorly to
the lower border of cricoid cartilage
Inferiorly
Communicates:
Anteriorly with the Larynx
Superiorly with the oropharynx
Inferiorly with the esophagus

30. The hypopharynx does not only lie behind the larynx BUT also
Seen from
behind
The hypopharynx does not only
lie behind the larynx BUT also
Projects laterally on each side of the larynx
So it is formed of :
Postcricoid region ( behind the larynx)
Two pyriform fossa (on each side of the larynx
Cross section

31. The Esophagus

34. Peritoneum and Peritoneal Cavity
Mesentery
Retroperitoneal organs
Peritoneal organs (intraperitoneal) –

35. General arrangement of abdominal GI organs
Peritoneum
Parietal peritoneum
Visceral peritoneum
Peritoneal cavity
Intraperitoneal organs
Retroperitoneal organs

36. General arrangement of abdominal GI organs
Mesentaries
Double layered folds of peritoneum
Greater omentum
Lesser omentum
Mesentery proper
Suspends small intestine from posterior wall of abdomen
Mesocolon
Suspends large intestine
Peritoneal ligament
Peritoneum that attaches one organ to another

40. Peritoneum and Peritoneal Cavity
Figure 23.5a

41. Peritoneum and Peritoneal Cavity
Figure 23.5b

42. Stomach Anatomy
Figure 14.4a

43. Stomach Anatomy Regions of the stomach
Cardiac region
Fundus
Body
Pylorus – terminal end
Food empties into the small intestine at the pyloric sphincter

44. Subdivisions of the Small Intestine
Duodenum

45. The Duodenum and Related Organs
Figure 22.16

46. Jejunum
Ileum

47. Large Intestine
Larger in diameter, but shorter than the small intestine
Has subdivisions

48. Large Intestine
Figure 14.8

49. Structures of the Large Intestine
Colon
Ascending
Transverse
Descending
Sigmoid (S-shaped)
Rectum
Anus – external body opening

50. Liver - Anatomy