1. Aim: How can the excretory system malfunction?

2. Kidneys REVIEW
The primary excretory organ. It plays a vital role in maintaining the homeostasis of body fluids. They control the amount of ammonia, salt, and water in the blood.

3. How does our excretory system help maintain homeostasis?
Temperature balance
Water balance
Waste balance
Gas balance

4. What are some metabolic wastes?
Urea – from protein breakdown
Salts
Water – from cell respiration
CO2 – from cell respiration

5. Homeostasis: Water Level in Blood
Water in Blood ADH Reabsorption of Water
Water in Blood ADH Reabsorption of Water

6. Diabetes Insipidus Symptoms: Unquenchable thirst Treatment:
Excretion of large amounts of watery urine.
Unquenchable thirst
Causes:
Kidney is not reabsorbing water
back into the bloodstream. Why?
Treatment:
Desmopressin – causes the kidney to reabsorb more water. (like ADH)

7. Kidney Stones
Urine becomes too concentrated and crystallizes, forming small jagged stones.
The stones can clog and block urine passage through the kidneys.

8. Kidney Stones Run in families Not drinking enough water.
Other medical conditions (gout, ibs, crohn’s)
Avoid foods high in calcium (dairy) & Certain foods (like carbonated beverages, chocolate & tea) have been linked to their formation.

9. Who gets kidney stones?
For unknown reasons, the number of people in the United States with kidney stones has been increasing over the past 20 years.
White Americans are more prone to develop kidney stones than African Americans.
Stones occur more frequently in men.
Kidney stones strike most typically between the ages of 20 and 40.
Once a person gets more than one stone, others are likely to develop.

10. Kidney Failure Dialysis
The main function of the kidney is to balance fluid in the body.
Dialysis filters the blood for individuals who have nonfunctioning kidneys.

11. Dialysis
Excess fluid in the blood can cause high blood pressure and may eventually contribute to heart disease.

12. Dialysis
Dialysis treatments take about 4 hours, and most dialysis patients require three treatments a week.

13. Kidney Transplant
The success rate for kidney transplants is excellent and higher than for other kinds of organ transplants.
A person can live with only ONE kidney