2. External Anatomy

3. Fish are ___ blooded and have a ___ ___ species, that began evolving around ___ million years ago Fins –Appendages used by the fish to ___ its positions, ___, ___ and ___ –Dorsal and anal fin mainly help the fish to not ___ over onto its sides –Cadual fin is used for ___ to move fish forward –___ fins (___ and ___) help in steering, stopping, and hovering

4. External Anatomy Scales (except for gar and catfish) are either ___ or ___ –Ctenoid scales have ___ edges and cycloid have ___ ___ edges Ctenoid scales have tiny, comblike projections called Ctenii. Bass and most other fish with spines have ctenoid scales. –Most fish are also covered in ___ that helps prevent ___. It is important that anglers do not rub this “___” off the fish when releasing them

5. External Anatomy Fins are often supported by ___ that are ___ and may be quite ___, thus playing a ___ role. ___ have notably hard sharp fins that anglers should be wary of. ___ dorsal and ___ fins are composed of ___, as are portions of other fins. Rays are less rigid and frequently ___.

6. External Anatomy ___ are the breathing apparatus of fish and are highly ___ giving them their bright ___ color ___ (gill cover) ___, ___ plate protects the sensitive gills Water is inhaled through the ___, passes over the gills and exhaled from ___ the ___

7. External Anatomy Fish can see ___, how much depends on how deep they live. –Water tends to ___ out the color, therefore, the ___ the fish typically live the ___ color they can see. –___ water fish (___,___) can see just as humans do. Deep water fish (___) tend to only see colors that are “cooler” like ___ and ___ –Deep water fish can see better in ___ situations than shallow water fish. Likewise, a deep water fish in the shallows, will see very ___ spots

8. External Anatomy Paired nostrils, or ___, are what fish use to ___ and they are very ___ –___ and ___ very well developed senses of smell ___ line is a sensory organ consisting of fluid sacs/pores that run along the sides of the fish’s body. Allows the fish to sense water ___ and ___, and ___/movement in the water ___- external opening to digestive ___ and ___ tracts. In most fish it is immediately in ___ of the anal fin

9. External Anatomy Mouth ___ is a clue as to what the fish ___. –The ___ the mouth, the ___ prey it can consume. –Fish do have a sense of ___ and may ___ an item to taste it before it swallows –Some fish are primarily ___ (eat mostly other fish), ___ (eat plants). –Fish may or may not have ___. Some teeth are obvious like a Muskie, some are not like the catfish, which has a ___ area at the front of the mouth or a stripped bass which has a tiny patch of teeth on the ___of its mouth. Grass carp and minnows have rough spots in the ___ that they use to grind food.

10. Internal Anatomy

11. Spine- primary structure framework upon which the fish’s body is built, connects the ___ of the fish to the ___. The spine is ___ and protects the spinal cord. Spinal cord- connects the ___ to the rest of the body and relays ___ information from the body to the brain, as well as ___ from the brain to the rest of the body.

12. Internal Anatomy Brain- ___ ___ of the fish, where both automatic functions (such as __) and higher ___ (“Should I eat the critter with the spinning blades?”) Lateral line- 1 of the fish’s ___ sense organs; detects underwater vibrations and is capable of determining the direction of their source

13. Internal Anatomy Swim (air) Bladder: A hollow, gas filled ___ organ that allows a fish to conserve energy by maintaining a neutral ___ (suspending) in water. –Some fish caught from very ___ water need to air ___ from this organ before they can be released and returned to deep water.

14. Internal anatomy Gills: Allow a fish to ___ underwater. These are very ___ structures and should not be ___ if the fish is to be released. Kidney: ___ liquid waste materials from the blood, these wastes are then passed out of the body. –Also extremely important in ___ ___and ___ concentrations within the fish’s body, allowing certain fish to exist in freshwater or saltwater environments, or sometimes in both (snook or tarpon).

15. Internal anatomy Stomach and intestine: –___ ___and ___ food and ___ nutrients. Fish that eat other ___ have relatively ___ intestines because that food is easily broke down. ___ requires a ___ intestine because plant material is more difficult to break down into useable components.

16. Internal Anatomy Pyloric Caeca This organ with ___ projections is located near the ___ of the __ and the ___. Its function is not entirely understood, but it is known to ___ ___that aid in digestion, and may aid in the function of ___ digested food.

17. Internal Anatomy Vent –Site of waste elimination ___ –Assists in digestion by secreting ___ that break down ___, and also serves as a ___ area for fats and ___ –Also destroys old ___ cells, maintaining proper body chemistry, as well as ___(waste) excretion

18. Internal Anatomy Heart –Circulates blood throughout the body. ___ and digested ___ are carried through the ___, and the blood transports ___ from the cells to the kidneys and liver for elimination. Gonads (reproductive organs) –Same position in fish body regardless of ___ Muscle –Part of fish that is ___

19. 1. ___ Predators 2. ___ Predators 3. ___ Rovers 4. ___ Bodied 5. ___ Like 5 Shapes that Classify MN Fish

20. 1. Rover Predators 2. Lie-in-wait Predators 3. Bottom Rovers 4. Deep Bodied 5. Eel Like 5 Shapes that Classify MN Fish

21. 2. Lie-in-wait Predators Explosive ___ predators (acceleration) Body ___, elongate, torpedo-like Large ___ fin ___ and ___ fins far back on body ___ & ___

22. 3. Bottom Rovers Rover type body with ___ head (bottom feeding) ___ back Enlarged ___ fins (__ off bottom) ___ & ___.

23. 4. Deep Bodied - Very Maneuverable ___ flattened with a body ___ at least 1/3 that of the ___ Long ___ and ___ fin Small ___, large ___, and short ___ ___ fins ___ on the body with ___ fins immediately below ___ common ___

24. Eel-like fish ___ bodies, negotiate ___ spots, power & efficiency to travel ___ fast currents ___ or ___-shaped heads ___, ___ tails

25. ______ State record 43-8, Lake Superior Lake Trout

26. Rainbow Trout ___ State Record 16-6, Devil Track River

27. Brook Trout ___

28. 16-12 Lake Superior Brown Trout

29. Walleye ___ State Record 17-8, Seagull River

30. ___ 6-3 Mississippi River Sauger

31. Yellow Perch ___ 3-4, Lake Plantaaganette

32. Northern Pike ___ ND state fish 45-12, Basswood Lake

33. Muskellunge (Musky) ___ 54-0, Lake Winnibigoshish

34. Longnose Gar This “___” can help ameliorate stunting Nicknamed “___” b/c they stream along the ___like an alligator 16-12, St.Croix River

35. Common/German Carp Spawn in ___areas @ 63 – 78^F ___ 55-5 Clearwater Lake ___

36. White Sucker ___ ___ 9-1 Big Fish Lake

37. Channel Catfish ___ 38-0, Mississippi River

38. Black Bullhead ___ 3-13, Reno Lake

39. Blue Gill ___ 2-13, Alice Lake

40. Pumpkinseed Sunfish ___ ___ 1-6, Leech Lake

41. Rock Bass ___ 2-0 Osakis Lake

42. ___ 8-15, Auburn Lake Largemouth Bass

43. Smallmouth Bass ___ 8-0, West Battle Lake

44. Black Crappie ___ 5-0, Vermillion River

45. White Crappie ___ 3-15, Lake Constance

48. (Dog Fish) 10-15, Mary Lake ____

49. ___ 19-3 Lake of the Woods Burbot (Eel Pout)

50. ___ Burbot (Eel Pout) (Ling)

51. Measuring Fish Total Length is the max. length of the fish with the mouth ___ and the tail ___ together. –Do not use a ___ tape measure and measure along the ___ of the fish’s body. –___ Measurements ___ the fish’s ___. This is where you would use a flexible tape measure like what a clothes tailor would use. Measure around the ___ part of the body. You could also use a piece of ___, mark where the ___ of the string ___, then measure the string.

52. Measuring Fish

53. Estimating Weight –(___x ___) /___ This will give a quick, but rough estimate of the fish’s weight