1. Wireless Electrical Device Switching using RF Technology By ByM.SANDEEP

2. Aim of the project The project mainly aims in designing completely wireless switch board with the help of RF technology to control the industrial electrical appliances and also provide a user easy & effective operations of the devices. It mainly aims in providing a reliable system for illiterates, operating high rating machines switching quickly and old people who finds difficulty in operating few high end devices like AC, water heaters etc. It mainly aims in providing a reliable system for illiterates, operating high rating machines switching quickly and old people who finds difficulty in operating few high end devices like AC, water heaters etc.

3. RF Communication ranges in between 30KHz to 300MHz. These works by creating the electro magnetic waves at source at which will pick it up at particular destination. Electromagnetic waves can travel through air with a speed of light. Advantages RF Communication

4. The switch will be operated by manually which generates the digital signal. This digital signal is converted into analog by using encoder. This analog signal is Transmitted by using RF Transmitter. The RF Receiver receives the analog signal which is transmitted by transmitter. The decoder will convert the analog signal into digital and transfer to particular relay. The relay gets the input from the decoder and it operates the device which is connected to it. The relay gets the input from the decoder and it operates the device which is connected to it. DESCRIPTION

5. Wireless Electrical device switching using RF technology 1. Transmitter section Control buttons Encoder RF Transmitter Battery

6. Wireless Electrical device switching using RF technology 2. Receiver section Interfacing Unit Relay 1 Relay 2 230V AC Electrical Appliances Regulated power supply Decoder RF Rx

8. Regulated power supply. Regulated power supply. LED indicators. LED indicators. RF transmitter and receiver modules. RF transmitter and receiver modules. Encoder & Decoder. Encoder & Decoder. Relay. Relay. Major Components

9.  Every electronic circuits requires dc voltage and that will be 5v & 12 v(some cases) supply.  We are getting 230v, 50 Hz in our house hold applications. We can be used to operate the home appliances like T.V, cooler, fan, light’s.  So we use regulated power supply to supply the electronic circuits to work. Step down transformer (V-0-12) Bridge rectifier Capacitive filter Regulator (7805) +5V DC 230 v AC REGULATED POWER SUPPLY

10. Transformer is a electromagnetic device which Transformer is a electromagnetic device which transfers the energy from one circuit to another without change in frequency. transfers the energy from one circuit to another without change in frequency. It has two windings called as primary winding and secondary winding. It has two windings called as primary winding and secondary winding. Here we are giving input 230v input voltage at primary side. The output of transformer is 12v(ac only). Here we are giving input 230v input voltage at primary side. The output of transformer is 12v(ac only). We have two types of transformers We have two types of transformers Step up transformer. Step up transformer. Step down transformer. Step down transformer.TRANSFORMER

11. Rectifier is circuit which converts the AC in to DC. We have two types of rectifier. 1.Half wave rectifier 2.Full wave rectifier Full wave rectifier again classified as follows 1.Bridge rectifier 2.Center tapped full wave rectifier In this project we are using bridge rectifier because the efficiency of the bridge rectifier is high compare to all other rectifiers. RECTIFIER

12.  The output of rectifier is not pure DC. It may contain some ripple components that is Pulsating DC. To eliminate this ripple components which are present in output we are using Filters.  Filter is a circuit which is used to eliminate the AC components present in rectified output.  We have many types of filters. Most of the power regulators are using capacitive filter to filter out the ripples present in output. FILTERS

13. The output of filter is not constant output voltage it will varies according to changes in input but we want constant output voltage. For this purpose we are using voltage regulator. The output of filter is not constant output voltage it will varies according to changes in input but we want constant output voltage. For this purpose we are using voltage regulator. Regulator is a device which will maintain constant output irrespective of changes in input. Regulator is a device which will maintain constant output irrespective of changes in input. The most popular regulator series is 78xx series. This series have more advantages. The most popular regulator series is 78xx series. This series have more advantages. We are using 7805 voltage regulator to maintain constant 5v output voltage irrespective of changes in input voltage. We are using 7805 voltage regulator to maintain constant 5v output voltage irrespective of changes in input voltage. Regulator

15. LIGHT EMITTING DIODE  A light-emitting diode (LED) is a semiconductor diode that radiates light (electro luminescence) when current passes through it in the forward direction. diode that radiates light (electro luminescence) when current passes through it in the forward direction.  Infrared LED to work in our remote controls, and get other ones of different colors to make indicators or, in large arrays, displays - even color ones.  The color of the emitted light depends on the composition and condition of the semi conducting material used, and can be infrared, visible, or near-ultraviolet.

17. RF Transmitter & Receiver RF Transmitter is used to transmit the signal or information. RF Transmitter is used to transmit the signal or information. RF Receiver is used to receive the signal which is transmitted by transmitter. RF Receiver is used to receive the signal which is transmitted by transmitter. The antenna is present in both the cases The antenna is present in both the cases

18.  RF Transmitter consists of four pins.  ANT (ANTENNA).  VCC ( OPERATING VOLTAGE ).  DATA ( DATA TO BE TRANSMITTED ).  GND (GROUND) RF TRANSMITTER

19.  This IC also consists of 4 pins.  ANT (ANTENNA).  VCC (OPERATING VOLTAGE).  DATA (DATA TO RECEIVE).  GND (GROUND) RF RECIVER

20. Features A.Low Cost  B.5V operation  C.3.5mA current  drain D.No External Parts  are required E.Operating Frequency: 433.92 MHZ F.Typical  sensitivity: -105dBm

21. Encoder is the device which converts the digital data into the analog signal which can be transmitter easily. Decoder is the device which converts the analog signal into digital data after receiving from antenna to perform the specified operation. ENCODER & DECODER

22. Pin Description of Encoder A0~A7: Input pins for address A0~A7 setting. D0~D3: Input pins for data DOUT: Encoder data serial transmission output OSC1, OSC2 Oscillator input pin VCC Positive power supply TE is a transmission enable pin of the HT12E.

23. Pin description of Decoder A0~A7 (HT12D): Input pins for address A0~A7 setting A0~A7 (HT12D): Input pins for address A0~A7 setting These pins can be externally set to VSS or left open. D0~D (HT12D): Output data pins, power-on state are low. D0~D (HT12D): Output data pins, power-on state are low. DIN: Serial data input pin VT: Valid transmission, active high VT: Valid transmission, active high OSC1: Oscillator input pin OSC2: Oscillator output pin

25. CONNECTION OF DECODER WITH RF RECEVIER

26. ►Relay is an electromagnetic switch. It consists of a coil of wire surrounding a soft iron core, an iron yoke, which provides a low reluctance path for magnetic flux, a movable iron armature, and a set, or sets, of contacts; two in the relay pictured. The armature is hinged to the yoke and mechanically linked to a moving contact or contacts. ►When an electric current is passed through the coil, the resulting magnetic field attracts the armature and the consequent movement of the movable contact or contacts either makes or breaks a connection with a fixed contact. RELAY

27. RELAY CIRCUIT

28.  Control a high-voltage circuit with a low-voltage signal, as in some types of modems or audio amplifiers.  Control a high-current circuit with a low-current signal, as in the starter solenoid of an automobile.  Detect and isolate faults in Generation, Transmission and Distribution lines by opening and closing circuit breakers (protection relays). Application of Relays

29. Without moving we can operate any device through remote. Quickly switching operation in industry when any faults occurs. Low cost for installation as will as maintenance. Advantages of the Project

30. The main drawback of this system is that RF technology works for only 30 meters in ideal conditions. Only four equipments can be operated by the each circuit. Limitation of this Project

31. This limitation on distance can be overcome by introducing Zigbee module in the system, which works for a distance of 1.5 kms By this we can operate 256 devices at a time by using an PC. But the initial costs will be very high. Future Ideas of this projects