1. Documenting Sources

2. What Must Be Documented Quotations “ The Internal Revenue Service and Congress have declared war on tax shelters” (Herman 2008). Ideas Recently the IRS and Congress have taken long overdue steps to curtail the growing use of tax shelters, and this crackdown will likely continue during the coming legislative term, with California Senator Barbara Boxer leading the charge (Herman 2008).

3. What Must Be Documented But NOT: Common Knowledge Home prices increased dramatically after 2001, especially in California and Florida. But 2006 brought a slowdown to the housing industry.

4. When in doubt... be cautious and Cite the Source

5. An Unacceptable Paraphrase Critical care nurse function in a hierarchy of roles. In this open heart surgery unit, the nurse manager hires and fires the nursing personnel. The nurse manager does not directly care for patients but follows the progress of unusual or long-term patients. On each shift a nurse assumes the role of resource nurse. This person oversees the hour-by-hour functioning of the unit as a whole, such as considering expected admissions and discharges of patients, ascertaining what beds are available for patients in the operating room, and covering sick calls. Resource nurses also take a patient assignment. Paraphrase Critical care nurses have a hierarchy of roles. The nurse manager hires and fires nurses. S/he does not directly care for patients but does follow unusual or long-term cases. On each shift a resource nurse attends to the functioning of the unit as a whole, such as making sure beds are available in the operating room, and also has a patient assignment. Original

6. Acceptable Paraphrase + Quotation Critical care nurse function in a hierarchy of roles. In this open heart surgery unit, the nurse manager hires and fires the nursing personnel. The nurse manager does not directly care for patients but follows the progress of unusual or long-term patients. On each shift a nurse assumes the role of resource nurse. This person oversees the hour-by-hour functioning of the unit as a whole, such as considering expected admissions and discharges of patients, ascertaining what beds are available for patients in the operating room, and covering sick calls. Resource nurses also take a patient assignment. Paraphrase Critical care nurses have, according to Smith, “a hierarchy of roles” (2010). The nurse manager hires and terminates nurses. During each shift a resource nurse attends to the “functioning of the unit as a whole,” such as making sure beds are available in the operating room, and also has a patient assignment. She (or he) does not usually care for patients directly but does sometimes follow certain special cases (Smith 2010). Original

7. Paraphrasing: General Advice When reading a passage, try first to understand it as a whole, rather than pausing to write down specific ideas or phrases. Think of what “your own words” would be if you were telling someone who’s unfamiliar with your subject what the original source said. Remember that you can use direct quotations of phrases from the original within your paraphrase.

8. APA American Psychological Assn. (Kahn, 2005) (Kahn, 2005, p. 56) MLA Modern Language Assn. (Kahn 308) Chicago Univ. of Chicago Press … the future of Boeing. 2

9. A Two-part system: (1) In-text citation + (2) End-of-paper reference

10. No need to repeat author name if mentioned in text: Advertising consultant Jason Singer agrees that this marketing campaign was misguided (2004). If no author is known, use the document title: The Philippine economy is expected to continue struggling with high inflation (“South Asian Outlook,” 2008).

11. Feel free to shorten long titles in in-text citations: (“Hands-Free Cellphones,” 2007) “Hands-Free Cellphones Put Industry, Safety Officials at Odds.” Philadelphia Inquirer 19 July 2007: A1.

12. Internet citations (PC Design on the Rise, 2009) Title + Date + URL PC Design on the Rise in Taiwan. (2009). National Association of Inventors. Retrieved from http://www.nai.org/design/103.xml http://www.nai.org/design/103.xml

13. Personal interview Innes, Richard. Personal interview. March 21, 2008. Survey Student survey of music downloading habits. Madison, WI, March 16-23, 2008.

14. Multiple authors: (Wetherbee, Jones, and Milner 2006) (Wetherbee et al. 2006) Multiple works by same author(s): (Garcia and Payton, Anti-spam Strategies, 2007)

15. Secondary reference: Smith asserts, “xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx. “ Jones Article, 2007 As John Smith argues, “xxxxxxxxxx” (qtd. in Jones, 2007).

16. Quotation within a quotation: “In August ‘same-store’ sales at Wal-Mart were up 2.2%.” Use brackets--not parentheses--for editorial changes: “[Fernandez] has turned Asia’s state- dominated airline industry upside down.”

17. Use ellipsis marks for omissions: “Amid the recent downsizing, there is a growing trend:... older executives who can’t find jobs.” “Many new teaser rates are being offered by online banks.... Traditional brick-and-mortar banks are also introducing special deals.”

18. Indent quotations more than 4 lines No quotation marks needed for block quotations Indicate errors in the original quotation “According to columnist James Stewart, ‘Disney’s acquisition of Pixer [sic ] is the happy ending to a great Hollywood story.”

19. e.g. for example When small firms head abroad (e.g., Boggs & Partners Architects of Annapolis, Md.) they often find that they need to hire consultants to help them navigate the complexities of overseas business. i.e. that is Even the nation’s largest independent mortgage lender (i.e., Countrywide Financial) has seen its credit rating drop recently.

20. Use preview sentences to introduce quotations—especially long ones: H. R. Varian (2007) notes the challenges a professional organization faces when it chooses to develop and publish an electronic journal: First the journal assembles a board of editors. The function of the board is not only to provide...

21. Give useful identifying details about sources: Another supporter of cloning, George Smith, thePresident of the Human Cloning Foundation, claims that “science fiction works have created hysteria in the popular media” (2005). Use precise verbs to signal logical connections /shifts: Benton (1998), however, rejects this argument, asserting that low- income families “often lack reliable phone services and have trouble contacting utilities and social service agencies to seek benefits for which they are qualified.”

22. says notes observes thinks comments warns condemns disagrees concedes insists NEUTRAL FORCEFUL