1. by Prashil Patel

2.  It is designed to facilitate complex surgery using minimally invasive approach.  The system is controlled by a surgeon from a console  Enables surgeons to perform delicate and complex operations through a few tiny incisions with increased vision, precision, dexterity and control.

3.  It consists of a surgeon’s console that is typically in the same room as the patient and a patient-side cart with four interactive robotic arms controlled from the console  Three of the arms are for tools that hold objects such as - Scalpel - Scissors - Bovie  The fourth arm is for anendoscopic camera with two lenses that gives the surgeon full stereoscopic vision from the console.

4. Surgeon Console  The surgeon operates seated comfortably at a console while viewing a high definition, 3D image inside the patient’s body.  The surgeon's fingers grasp the master controls below the display with hands and wrists naturally positioned relative to his or her eyes.  The system also translates the surgeon's hand, wrist and finger movements into precise, real- time movements of surgical instruments.

5.  The patient is positioned during the surgery; includes either 3 or 4 robotics arms that carry out the surgeon’s commands.  The robotic arms move around the fixed pivot points which reduces trauma to the patient, improves the cosmetic outcome and increases overall precision.  The system also does repeated safety checks, which prevent any independent movement of the instruments or robotic arms.

6. Pros  Simpler procedure  Minimally invasive  Better technique  Reduced bleeding  Less painful  Smaller scar  Faster healing  Decreased hospital stay

7. Cons  Longer learning period  High cost of the equipment and thereby the procedure  Reduction in space for assistants  Lack of tactile sensation for the surgeon

8.  Better ways of accomplishing delicate medical procedures  Possibly for next generation medical robotics to conduct surgical prep work remotely  Removing human contact during surgery  Reducing or eliminating infection intra- operatively  Reduce the cost of maintenance  Easy to operate

9.  http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22044 556  http://www.roboticoncology.com/history  http://www.intuitivesurgical.com/products/ davinci_surgical_system/  Wikipedia  http://www.davincisurgery.com/?id=it&gclid =CIPbr6rgt6wCFYqA5QodjHAHQ