The Book of Isaiah “The Holy One of Israel” 1. Introduction to Isaiah  Isaiah is mentioned 52 times in the Bible  Isaiah means “Yahweh is salvation”

The Book of Isaiah “The Holy One of Israel” 1

Introduction to Isaiah  Isaiah is mentioned 52 times in the Bible  Isaiah means “Yahweh is salvation” (an excellent summary of the book)  Isaiah is one of five “Major Prophets” (Isaiah, Jeremiah, Lamentations, Ezekiel, Daniel) 2

Isaiah the Man and the Prophet 3 “my servant Isaiah…” (20:3) 1:1 His name means “Yahweh is salvation”. 1:1 Worked in ungodly times (see 2 Chron. 26:22) 6:1-5 Saw the Lord in his temple on his throne and was humbled. 6:6-8 First saved, then sent. 6:8-10 Was ready, selfless, and courageous – “Here am I, send me” (see Mt. 13:14-15; Jn. 12:40; Ac. 28:26) 7:3 Faced unbelieving King Ahaz personally.

Isaiah the Man and the Prophet 4 “my servant Isaiah…” (20:3) 8:1-4,18 Married with two boys (see also 7:3). 8:11-13 Feared the Lord, not the people. 8:16-18 Waited patiently for the Lord. 15:5; 16:9-11; 21:3-4; 22:4; 24:16 Grieved over judgment. 20:2-3 Obeyed without hesitation. 30:8-9 Wrote to ungodly people. 37:5-6 Encouraged Hezekiah to trust in the Lord.

Isaiah Outlined Isaiah 1-35Isaiah 36-39Isaiah 40-65 Condemnation of the past History in the present Comfort for the future Prophecies against Israel (1-12) Prophecies against other nations (13-23) Prophecies of judgment & hope (24-35) The salvation and sickness of Hezekiah (36-39) Prophecies of coming delivery (40-48) Prophecies of the divine deliverer (49-59) Prophecies of the glorious deliverance (60-66) 5

Introduction to Isaiah Isaiah in the OT…  2 Kings 19:2, 5, 6, 20; 20:1, 4, 7-9, 11, 14, 16, 19  2 Chronicles 26:22; 32:20, 32  Isaiah 1:1; 2:1; 7:3; 13:1; 20:2, 3; 37:2, 5-6, 21; 38:1, 4, 21; 39:5, 8 6

Introduction to Isaiah Isaiah in the NT…  Matthew 3:3; 4:14; 8:17; 12:17; 13:14; 15:7  Mark 1:2; 7:6  Luke 3:4; 4:17  John 1:23; 12:38, 39, 41  Acts 8:28, 30; 28:25  Romans 9:27, 29; 10:16, 20; 15:12 7

Isaiah in the New Testament IsaiahNT QuotationApplication 1:9Rom. 9:29A Jewish remnant in the church 6:9-10Mt. 13:14-15; Jn. 12:40; Acts 28:26-27 Jews refusing to hear Jesus and the NT gospel 7:14Mt. 1:23Jesus born of the virgin Mary 8:12-131 Pet. 3:14-15 (referenced) Do not fear, sanctify the Lord 8

Isaiah in the New Testament IsaiahNT QuotationApplication 8:14 (28:16)Rom. 9:33; 10:11; 1 Peter 2:6 Jesus is the stone of stumbling 8:18Heb. 2:13Jesus became like those he saved 9:1-2Mt. 4:15-16Jesus preaches the gospel “light” 11:10Rom. 15:12Jesus is the ensign to the nations 9

Themes in Isaiah ThemeReferences Holy One of Israel1:4; 5:19, 24; 10:20; 12:6; 17:7; 29:19; 30:11-12, 15; 31:1; 37:23; 41:14, 16, 20; 43:3, 14; 45:11; 47:4; 48:17; 49:7; 54:5; 55:5; 60:9, 14 Remnant of Israel1:9; 10:19-22; 11:11, 16; 14:22, 30; 15:9; 16:14; 17:3; 37:4, 31, 32; 46:3 10

The Sins of God’s People SinReference Rebellion, corruption, forsaking the Lord 1:2-6 Hypocritical worship, bloodshed, evil 1:10-17 Murder, rebellious, thieves, bribery, forsaking the fatherless & widow 1:21-23 Idolatry1:28-29 11

Isaiah 1-2 “The Holy One of Israel” 12

Isaiah 1  1:1 – An introductory statement. Isaiah sees a vision (prophecy) concerning Judah and Jerusalem in the days of… Uzziah – also called Azariah (792-740 B.C., 2 K. 15:1-7; 2 Chron. 26) Jotham (750-732 B.C., 2 K. 15:32-38; 2 Chron. 27) Ahaz (735-716 B.C., 2 K. 16:1-20; 2 Chron. 28) Hezekiah (716-687 B.C, 2 K. 18:1-20:21; 2 Chron. 29-32) 13

Key Dates in Isaiah’s Ministry EventDate Introduction (1:1)740-687 B.C. In the year that Uzziah died (6:1) 740 B.C. In the days of Ahaz (7:1,3)732 B.C. In the year that Ahaz died (14:28) 716 B.C. In the year that Tartan came to Ashdod (20:1) 711 B.C. In the 14 th year of King Hezekiah (36:1) 701 B.C. 14

The Days of Isaiah KingJudahIsraelAssyria 792-740 B.C. Uzziah (Azariah) did right followed his father sought God became strong, proud and sinned smote with leprosy high places not taken away sacrificed to idols made war with Philistines building projects kings did evil Israel sins conspiracy in leadership, kings assassinated open rebellion Pul King of Assyria came against Israel, tribute paid to him Tiglathpileser King of Assyria took northern Israel captive 15

The Days of Isaiah KingJudahIsraelAssyria 750-732 B.C. Jotham did right followed his father mighty fought with Ammonites building projects high places not taken away people still sacrificed to idols people did corruptly Israel (Pekah) and Syria (Rezin) attack Jerusalem 16

The Days of Isaiah KingJudahIsraelAssyria 735-716 B.C. Ahaz did not right walked in the ways of the kings of Israel child sacrifice and idolatry worship influenced by Assyria besieged by Syria (Rezin) and Israel (Pekah) captives taken many killed because they had forsaken God brought low disobedient the Lord removed Israel to Assyria Samaria is conquered by Shalmaneser King of Assyria Ahaz paid tribute to Tiglath- pilseser king of Assyria for help against Syria, Israel, Edom, and Philistia 17

The Days of Isaiah KingJudahIsraelAssyria 716-687 B.C. Hezekiah did right removed the idolatry trusted the Lord numerous reforms prays to the Lord when attacked and when sick showed the Babylonians his treasures invaded by Sennacherib King of Assyria the city is defended by the Lord 185,000 Assyrian soldiers killed already gone into captivity in Assyria Sennacherib besieges Jerusalem returns home defeated and then later assassinated 18

God’s People: The Real & The Ideal 19 The Real (Unclean)The Ideal (Clean) Rebellious and disobedient 1:2-31; 2:5-22 The coming kingdom 2:1-4 Speak and do things against the Lord 3:1-4:1 Beautiful and glorious 4:2-6 Unfruitful vineyard, woes pronounced 5:1-22 Holy God, Isaiah is made clean, holy seed 6:1-13 Fearful and unbelieving 7:1 - 8:22; 9:8-21 Light and joy because a child is born 9:1-7 Punished by Assyria 10:1-34 A day of peace and thanksgiving 11:1 – 12:6

Isaiah 1  1:2-9 God’s children are described as rebellious, sinful, and spiritually sick. Their country and city (Jerusalem) would be devoured by strangers. A very small remnant, however, would be left (quoted in Romans 9:29).  1:10-17 The rulers and the people are rebuked for their hypocritical, formalistic worship. They are encouraged to be made clean; to stop the evil and do the good. 20

Isaiah 1  1:18-20 God’s people are invited to be forgiven of their sins. They need to obey. If they refuse and rebel, they will be devoured.  1:21-23 The faithful city (Jerusalem) that was once righteous, is now wicked like a harlot.  1:24-31 The Lord will take the wickedness away from Jerusalem and restore righteousness in it. Sinners and idolaters will be destroyed. 21

Isaiah 2  2:1 An introductory statement similar to 1:1 (note “the vision” 1:1 = “the word” 2:1).  2:2-4 The Lord’s house will be established (1) in the latter days and (2) its authority will be over all other things. (3) All nations will be invited to be a part of it. (4) They will be taught the Lord’s law/word and live by it. (5) The law/word will come from Zion/Jerusalem. (6) Nations will be judged by the Lord’s law/word and (7) they will live in peace without war. 23

The Lord’s House Established Isaiah 2:2-4 CharacteristicsFulfillmentNT Reference 1. Latter DaysMessianic periodHeb. 1:1-2 2. MountainJesus’ authorityEph. 1:20-23 3. All nationsJews & GentilesRev. 5:9-10 4. Teach & walk in the law-word NT gospel-law taught Jas. 1:25 5. Zion/JerusalemPentecostLk. 2:44-47; Acts 2 6. Nations judgedNT standardJn. 16:7-13 7. No more warPeace in the church/house of God (1 Tim. 3:15) Eph. 2:15-17 24

Isaiah 2  2:5-11 God’s people are invited to walk in the light of the Lord. They are filled with worldliness, materialism, idolatry, and pride.  2:12-22 The proud and haughty are brought down and judged when the Lord is exalted. The idolaters are brought down and judged when the Lord shakes the earth. God’s people are encouraged to stop trusting in man. 25

Isaiah 3  3:1-12 The Lord takes away from Jerusalem and Judah, bread, water, and its wise leaders. Incompetent and unruly people take their place. God’s people say and do things against the Lord and sin in the open. The leaders cause the people to err.  3:13-15 The Lord stands in judgment against the elders and princes because they have oppressed the people. 29

Isaiah 3  3:16 – 4:1 The daughters of the Zion are haughty. They parade themselves in nice clothes. The Lord brings judgment upon them and gives them branding instead of beauty. The men fall in war and the women long to be married to the few men that are left. 30

Isaiah 4  4:2-6 Jerusalem is a beautiful place for God’s people after the coming judgment and after the Lord washes away her filth and blood. The Lord covers Jerusalem with his protection. 32

Isaiah 5  5:1-2 Jerusalem and Judah are like a vineyard that the Lord has given tender care.  5:3-7 The Lord looks for his vineyard (his people) to bear good fruit. They bear wild grapes instead and so the Lord allows his vineyard to be trodden down. The Lord wants his people to bear the fruit of justice and righteousness, but all they bear is oppression and a cry. 36

Isaiah 5  5:8-12 Isaiah pronounces two of six “woes” in these verses. First, the Lord’s people are greedy and covetous. Second, they are drunk and worldly. They do not regard the Lord’s work.  5:13-17 The Lord’s people go into captivity and to the grave because they lack knowledge of God’s word. These sinful people are brought down while the Lord is exalted in justice and righteousness. 37

Isaiah 5  5:18-23 Isaiah pronounces the last four of six “woes” in these verses. The Lord’s people are full of sin. They call evil good and good evil. They are wise in their own eyes. They justify the wicked and remove righteousness.  5:24-25 The Lord is angry with his people and he stretches out his hand in judgment against them because they have rejected his law. 38

Isaiah 5  5:26-30 The Lord calls other nations (like Assyria and Babylon) to bring judgment upon his people. 39

Isaiah 6  6:1-5 In the year that King Uzziah dies (740 B.C.), Isaiah sees an awesome vision of the Lord sitting on his throne in his temple. He is undone and confesses that he is unclean in the midst of a holy God.  6:6-13 One of the seraphim is sent to cleanse Isaiah. He is now ready to carry out the work that the Lord has for him: to preach to an unbelieving people until the captivity comes (quoted in Mt. 13:14-15; Jn. 12:40; Acts 28:26-27). 42

Isaiah 6  6:6-13 A “holy seed” (remnant) will remain afterward. 43

“Here Am I, Send Me” The Character of Isaiah  Readiness: he offered himself willingly without being told (Rom. 1:15; Tit. 3:1)  Selflessness: he offered himself sacrificially, not just his things (2 Cor. 8:5)  Courageousness: he offered himself boldly to do a difficult task (Acts 4:13, 29, 31; 28:31; Heb. 10:35; 1 Jn. 2:28) 44

“Here Am I, Send Me” The Character of Isaiah  Abraham said “Here am I” – ready to sacrifice (Gen. 22:1)  Moses said “Here am I” – ready to lead (Ex. 3:4)  Samuel said “Here am I” – ready to listen (1 Sam. 3:4-10)  ________ said “Here am I” – ready to obey 45

Isaiah 7 Background 50 The Syria and Israel Confederacy Against Ahaz 2 Kings 15:37 The Lord sends Syria (Rezin) and Israel (Pekah) against Judah (compare 2 Chron. 24:23-24) 2 Kings 16:5 (2 Chron. 28:5-15) Syria and Israel come up to Jerusalem and beseige Ahaz; many are led away captive by Syria and many are slain by Israel; the reason is given: Judah has forsaken the Lord; captives from Judah are returned because of Obed the prophet 2 Kings 16:7-9 (2 Chron. 28:16-25) Ahaz sends messengers to Tiglathpileser for help; Tiglath takes Damascus and slays Rezin; Tiglath does not help Ahaz; Ahaz sins more against the Lord with idolatry

Assyria in the Time of Isaiah 51

Assyrian Invasions of Palestine 52

Assyrian Kings in Isaiah’s Day  Shalmaneser III (858-824 B.C.)  Shamshi-Adad V (823-811 B.C.)  Adad-Nirari III (810-783 B.C.)  Shalmaneser IV (782-773 B.C.)  Ashur-dan III (772-755 B.C.)  Ashur-Nirari V (754-745 B.C.)  Tiglath-pileser III (744-727 B.C.)  Shalmaneser V (726-722 B.C.)  Sargon II (721-705 B.C.)  Sennacherib (704-681 B.C.)  Esarhaddon (680-669 B.C.)  Ashurbanipal (668-633 B.C.)  Ashur-eti-ilani (632-629 B.C.)  Sin-shum-lishir (628-624 B.C.)  Sin-shar-ishkum (623-612 B.C.)  Ashur-uballit (611-608 B.C.) 53 Time of Isaiah

Isaiah 7  7:1-2 Rezin (Syria) and Pekah (Israel) go to Jerusalem to war against Ahaz. The heart of Ahaz and the people of Judah tremble with fear.  7:3-9 Isaiah is told by the Lord to go meet Ahaz and tell him not to fear. The plans of Syria and Israel against Judah will not come to pass. Israel will be broken in pieces over a period of 65 years. Ahaz is also encouraged to believe the Lord. 54

Isaiah 7  7:10-17 Ahaz does not ask for a sign which shows that he does not believe the Lord. Therefore, the Lord gives a sign to all of the “house of David” – the sign of the coming Immanuel (quoted in Mt. 1:23). In the time of the youthful childhood of Immanuel, the land of Syria and Israel will be forsaken because of the King of Assyria. 55

Isaiah 7  7:18-20 Assyria will be used by the Lord to accomplish judgment against Syria and Israel.  7:21-25 The Assyrian invasion of Syria and Israel will cause the land to be left desolate. The vineyards of the land are removed, only the animals remain. 56

Isaiah 8  8:1-4 Isaiah has a son with his wife. He is told to name his newborn son “Mahershalalhashbaz”, meaning “the spoil speeds, the prey hastens”. His name represents the spoil of Samaria that is taken away to Assyria.  8:5-8 The coming Assyrian invasion will not stop at Syria and Israel, but will extend down to Judah, the land of Immanuel. 57

Isaiah 8  8:9-15 The counsels of mankind are broken, but the Lord’s word is accomplished because “God is with us”. Isaiah is told not to fear the people who accuse him of conspiracy, but fear the Lord and sanctify him (referenced in 1 Pet. 3:14-15). The Lord is a sanctuary to those who believe him, but a stone of stumbling to those who do not (quoted in 1 Pet. 2:8). 58

Isaiah 8  8:16-18 Isaiah binds up the Lord’s word and waits patiently for the Lord to fulfill his plans. He knows that he and his children are given for signs in Israel (quoted in Heb. 2:13).  8:19-22 The Lord’s people are to seek God and his law, not the false words of men. When the Lord’s people refuse his word, there is only distress and darkness for them. 59

God’s People: The Real & The Ideal 62 The Real (Unclean)The Ideal (Clean) Rebellious and disobedient 1:2-6, 10-17, 21-31; 2:5-22 The coming kingdom 2:1-4 Speak and do things against the Lord 3:1-4:1 Beautiful and glorious 4:2-6 Unfruitful vineyard, woes pronounced 5:1-22 Holy God, Isaiah is made clean, holy seed 6:1-13 Fearful and unbelieving 7:1 - 8:22; 9:8-21 Light and joy because a child is born 9:1-7 Punished by Assyria 10:1-34 A day of peace and thanksgiving 11:1 – 12:6

Isaiah 9  9:1-5 Darkness is followed by light (quoted in Mt. 4:15-16). In the latter days, the land of Zebulun and Naphtali experience glory, light, multiplying, joy, and freedom.  9:6-7 A child is promised and carries the Lord’s government on his shoulders. He is called by divine names. He rules his kingdom with peace, justice, and righteousness. 63

Messianic Prophecy of Isaiah 9:1-7 OT Prophecy 1. Glory (v.1) 2. Light (v.2) 3. Joy (v.3) 4. Relief (vv.4-5) 5. Rule (v.6) 6. Divine Character (v.6) 7. Eternal Kingdom (v.7) 8. Just and Right (v.7) NT Fulfillment John 1:14 Matthew 4:15-16 Luke 2:10; Matthew 2:10 John 8:31-36 Matthew 28:18 John 1:1,14 Luke 1:32-33 John 5:30

The Jesus of Isaiah Is the Jesus of Today  We have the glory of Christ (Gal. 6:14)  We have the light of the gospel (Ac. 13:47-49; 26:23; 2 Cor. 4:4-6; 2 Tim. 1:10)  We have joy of salvation (Lk. 2:10; Acts 8:8,39)  We have relief from the yoke of sin (Mt. 11:28- 30; Jn. 8:32-34; Gal. 4:8-9; 5:1)

The Jesus of Isaiah Is the Jesus of Today  We have a ruler, a head, Jesus Christ (Eph. 1:21-22)  We have a divine character (Col. 1:15; 2:8-10; 2 Pet. 1:3-4)  We have an eternal kingdom (Heb. 12:28)  We have to practice justice and righteousness (Matt. 23:23)

Isaiah 9  9:8-12 The Lord brings adversaries and enemies against Israel because of her pride. His anger is against Israel.  9:13-17 Israel does not turn to the Lord, so he cuts off the leaders who lead Israel into error. His anger is against Israel.  9:18-21 The Lord burns Israel because of her wickedness. His anger is against Israel. 67

Isaiah 10  10:1-4 All the unrighteous, perverse, and unjust people are brought down by the Lord. His anger is against Israel.  10:5-11 The Lord uses Assyria like an instrument to punish his people and carry them away. However, Assyria becomes proud in her conquest of other nations.  10:12-19 The Lord punishes Assyria for her pride. 68

Isaiah 10  10:20-22 There will be a remnant of Israel and Judah who lean upon the Lord. There will be a remnant in the midst of the destruction.  10:24-27 The same divine indignation that is against Israel/Judah will be against Assyria one day.  10:28-34 Assyria comes into Palestine now but one day the Lord will cut her down. 69

God’s People: The Real & The Ideal 72 The Real (Unclean)The Ideal (Clean) Rebellious and disobedient 1:2-6, 10-17, 21-31; 2:5-22 The coming kingdom 2:1-4 Speak and do things against the Lord 3:1-4:1 Beautiful and glorious 4:2-6 Unfruitful vineyard, woes pronounced 5:1-22 Holy God, Isaiah is made clean, holy seed 6:1-13 Fearful and unbelieving 7:1 - 8:22; 9:8-21 Light and joy because a child is born 9:1-7 Punished by Assyria 10:1-34 A day of peace and thanksgiving 11:1 – 12:6

Isaiah 11  11:1-5 A shoot and branch comes from the stock of Jesse. His spirit (wisdom), delight (fear of the Lord), judgment (just), power (smite the wicked), and clothing (righteousness and faithfulness) are described.  11:6-10 The Lord’s holy mountain is a place of peace and the Lord’s knowledge fills the earth. The root of Jesse is an ensign for all the people (quoted in Rom. 15:12). 73

Messianic Prophecy of Isaiah 11:1-10 OT Prophecy 1. Stock of Jesse (v.1) 2. Spirit anointing (v.2) 3. Fear of the Lord (v.3) 4. Justice (v.4) 5. Rule (v.4) 6. Righteous (v.5) 7. Peace (v.6-9) 8. Knowledge (v.9) 9. Remnant (v.10) NT Fulfillment Acts 13:23 John 1:32-34; 3:34 Jn. 4:34; Heb. 5:7 John 2:24-25; 5:30 Revelation 12:5; 19:5 Revelation 19:11 Ephesians 2:16-17 Mark 16:15 Romans 9:27; 15:12

Isaiah 11:1-10 Jesus the Messiah  Our savior is the son of David (2 Tim. 2:8; Rev. 22:16)  Our wisdom is found in Christ (Col. 2:3)  Our fear is in the Lord (2 Cor. 7:1; 1 Pet. 2:17; Rev. 14:7; 19:5)  Our judgment and decisions are based upon God’s word (Jn. 7:24) 75

Isaiah 11:1-10 Jesus the Messiah  Our ruler is Christ in our hearts (Rev. 1:5; Col. 3:15). Note: Christ also rules through elders (1 Tim. 5:17; Heb. 13:7,17,24)  Our righteousness comes from the gospel (Rom. 1:16-17; 2 Cor. 6:14; Eph. 6:14)  Our peace is in Christ (Rom. 12:18; 14:17,19; 2 Cor. 13:11; Eph. 2:16-17; Col. 3:15; Phil. 4:7,9; 1 Thess. 5:13) 76

Isaiah 11:1-10 Jesus the Messiah  Our knowledge comes from God’s word (Matt. 28:19-20; Rom. 10:2; Col. 1:9-10; 1 Tim. 2:4; 4:13; 2 Pet. 3:18)  Our ensign is Jesus Christ for all people (Jn. 3:14-15; 12:32-33) 77

Isaiah 11  11:11-16 The Lord recovers a remnant “a second time” after the Assyrian captivity. He assembles the outcasts of Israel and Judah. Former problems and enemies no longer stand in the way of the Lord’s people. There is a “highway” for the remnant to return like the way the Lord provided to come out of Egypt. 78

Isaiah 12  12:1-6 The Lord’s people thank the Lord when his anger is turned away and he saves the people. The Lord is strength, a song, and salvation to the people. Because the people are saved, they have joy, give thanks, call upon the Lord, declare the Lord to others, sing, and shout. Great is the Holy One of Israel! 79

Isaiah and Jesus ( John 12:41 ) 80 He Saw His Glory and He Spake of Him 7:14 Born of a virgin; called Immanuel (God with us) 9:1-2, 6-7 He is a light to nations; the government of the Lord is upon his shoulders; called Wonder Counselor, Mighty God, Everlasting Father, Prince of Peace; sits on the throne of David ruling over his kingdom in peace, justice, and righteousness for ever 11:1-10 He is a shoot and root out of Jesse; the Spirit of the Lord is upon him; there is peace and knowledge in his days; he is an ensign to the people and the nations will seek him

Themes in Isaiah ThemeReferences Holy One of Israel1:4; 5:19, 24; 10:20; 12:6; 17:7; 29:19; 30:11-12, 15; 31:1; 37:23; 41:14, 16, 20; 43:3, 14; 45:11; 47:4; 48:17; 49:7; 54:5; 55:5; 60:9, 14 Remnant of Israel1:9; 10:19-22; 11:11, 16; 14:22, 30; 15:9; 16:14; 17:3; 37:4, 31, 32; 46:3 81

The Book of Isaiah “The Holy One of Israel” 1. Introduction to Isaiah  Isaiah is mentioned 52 times in the Bible  Isaiah means “Yahweh is salvation”

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The Book of Isaiah “The Holy One of Israel” 1. Introduction to Isaiah  Isaiah is mentioned 52 times in the Bible  Isaiah means “Yahweh is salvation”

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Presentation on theme: "The Book of Isaiah “The Holy One of Israel” 1. Introduction to Isaiah  Isaiah is mentioned 52 times in the Bible  Isaiah means “Yahweh is salvation”"— Presentation transcript:

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