1. Organelles

2. Cells Smallest living unit Most are _________________

3. Discovery of Cells Robert Hooke (mid-________s) –Observed sliver of cork –Saw “row of empty boxes” –Coined the term ___________

4. Cell theory (1839)Theodor Schwann & Matthias Schleiden “ all living things are made of cells” (50 yrs. later) Rudolf Virchow “all cells come from cells”

5. Principles of Cell Theory All _______________ things are made of cells Smallest living unit of structure and function of all organisms is the cell All cells arise from __________________ cells (this principle discarded the idea of spontaneous generation)

6. Cell Size

7. Cells Have Large Surface Area-to-Volume Ratio

8. Characteristics of All Cells A surrounding membrane ____________________ – cell contents in thick fluid ____________________ – structures for cell function Control center with ____________

9. Representative Animal Cell

10. Plasma Membrane ___________________________: allows some items through Double layer of phospholipids & proteins

11. Cytoplasm Viscous _______________ containing organelles

12. Nucleus Control center of cell Double _________________ Contains –___________________

13. DNA Hereditary material Chromosomes –__________ –Form for ______________________

14. Nucleolus Forms ribosomes

15. Endoplasmic Reticulum Helps ____________ substances within cells Network of ______________________membranes Two types –__________________ endoplasmic reticulum

16. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum ______________________ attached to surface –Manufacture ______________ –Not all ribosomes attached to rough ER

17. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum No attached ribosomes Has enzymes that help build molecules –_____________________

18. Golgi Apparatus Packaging & shipping station of cell

19. Golgi Apparatus Function 1. Molecules come in vesicles 2. Vesicles fuse with Golgi membrane 3. Molecules may be modified by Golgi

20. Golgi Apparatus Function (Continued) 4. Molecules pinched-off in separate vesicle 5. Vesicle leaves Golgi apparatus 6. Vesicles may combine with plasma membrane to secrete contents

22. Lysosomes Contain digestive _________________ Functions –________________________ old cell parts –Digests __________________

23. Mitochondria Have their own ___________ Break down glucose molecules ( cellular respiration) Release energy –__________

24. Peroxisome Contain many ________________ Create _________________________________ in their reactions then break it down