Chapter 10 The Rise of a New Nation. The Triumph of Democracy Property and Democracy Challenge to property qualifications The Dorr War The single exception.

Chapter 10 The Rise of a New Nation

The Triumph of Democracy Property and Democracy Challenge to property qualifications The Dorr War The single exception to this democratizing trend was Rhode Island, which required voters to own considerable real estate or rental property.

The Triumph of Democracy The Information Revolution This “information revolution” was facilitated in part by the invention of the steam-powered printing press, which printed much more matter at far less cost.

The Triumph of Democracy The Limits of Democracy As democracy triumphed, the grounds for political exclusion shifted from economic dependency to natural incapacity.

Nationalism and Its Discontents The American System Proposed by President James Madison in 1815 (New national bank, tariff on imports, federal financing of road and canal construction (internal improvements)) Banks and Money The BUS was tasked with regulating the volume of paper money printed by private banks to prevent fluctuations and inflation (at this point the federal government did not print money).

Nationalism and Its Discontents The Panic of 1819 BUS contributed to widespread land speculation Speculative bubble burst Dropping land prices ruined farmers Banks failed Unemployment spread Some states provides relief to debtors

Nationalism and Its Discontents The Missouri Controversy In 1819, when Missouri applied for statehood, a New York Republican proposed gradual emancipation. The Slavery Question The domination of the presidency by Virginians since the founding, except for the term of John Adams of Massachusetts, reinforced northerners’ sense that southern slaveowners dominated national politics

Nation, Section, and Party The U.S. and the Latin American Wars of Independence By 1825, Spain’s empire in the Western Hemisphere contained only Cuba and Puerto Rico. 1810 - 1822(Mexico, Venezuela, Ecuador, and Peru) The Monroe Doctrine This doctrine stated that the United States would oppose any future efforts by European powers to colonize the Americas, abstain from involvement in Europe’s wars, and prevent European nations from interfering in the new Latin American nations.

Nation, Section, and Party The Election of 1824 Andrew Jackson William Crawford Henry Clay John Quincy Adams

Nation, Section, and Party The Nationalism of John Quincy Adams Supported the American System Authored the Monroe Doctrine Wanted to incorporate Canada, Cuba, and part of Mexico. Increase American commerce and power in the Western Hemisphere

Nation, Section, and Party Martin van Buren and the Democratic Party While Adams typified an old politics in which elites ruled, Van Buren, the son of a tavern keeper, represented a new era in American politics The Election of 1828 By 1828, Van Buren had created a vibrant Democratic Party embodying this alliance, and by using new techniques to mobilize mass voter turnout, helped elect Jackson president in a huge majority over Adams.

The Age of Jackson The Party System Political parties and urban political machines dispensed patronage in the form of jobs, assistance, and other benefits. Jackson himself introduced the “spoils system,” in which a new administration replaced previously appointed officials with its own party’s appointees.

The Age of Jackson Democrats and Whigs Democrats tended to be alarmed by the growing gap between social classes, and warned that “nonproducers,” such as bankers, merchants, and speculators, were using connections with government to enhance their wealth to the disadvantage of “producers,” such as farmers, artisans, and laborers Whigs supported the American system, believing the protective tariff, internal improvements, and a national bank could develop the economy and spread prosperity for all classes.

The Age of Jackson South Carolina and Nullification The 1828 tariff, which raised taxes on imported goods, aroused opposition in the South, particularly in South Carolina, where it was called the “tariff of abominations.” Calhoun’s Political Theory Jackson’s vice-president, John C. Calhoun of South Carolina, developed a theory of nullification. In it he argued that states had created the national government, and each state retained the right to prevent the enforcement of Congress’s laws within its border that seemed to exceed powers written in the Constitution.

The Age of Jackson Indian Removal But in 1830 Jackson secured passage of the Indian Removal Act, which allowed for the removal of tens of thousands of Indians from the Southwest. The law repudiated Jeffersonian notions that Indians could be assimilated and eventually incorporated into white America.

The Bank War and After: Biddle’s bank Biddle’s Bank The aristocratic Nicholas Biddle directed the BUS Banks also tended to overissue paper money Jackson and others now thought that “hard money”—gold and silver— was the only honest currency In 1832, Biddle’s allies persuaded Congress to extend the BUS’s charter for another twenty years, even though it was set to expire in 1836.

The Bank War and After: economy The Pet Banks and the Economy But what would replace the BUS? Jackson, wanting to dissolve the BUS before 1836, removed federal funds from the BUS and deposited them in local, state banks the value of bank notes in circulation skyrocketed from $10 million in 1833 to $149 million in 1837. Prices rose, real wages declined, and speculators prospered.

Additional Art for Chapter 10

W. W. Norton & Company Independent and Employee-Owned Give Me Liberty! AN AMERICAN HISTORY THIRD EDITION This concludes the Norton Lecture Slides Slide Set for Chapter 10 by Eric Foner

Chapter 10 The Rise of a New Nation. The Triumph of Democracy Property and Democracy Challenge to property qualifications The Dorr War The single exception.

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Chapter 10 The Rise of a New Nation. The Triumph of Democracy Property and Democracy Challenge to property qualifications The Dorr War The single exception.

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