1. Animal Kingdom Phylogeny - Cladogram
Section 29-1
Echinodermada
Chordata
Arthropoda
Annelida
Mollusca
Radial Symmetry
Nematoda
Platyhelminthes
Pseudocoelom
Cnidaria
Deuterostome Development
Radial Symmetry
Coelom
Protostome Development
Porifera
Three Germ Layers; Bilateral Symmetry
Tissues
Multicellular
Single-celled ancestor

2. Egg Development Sexual reproduction: zygote fertilized egg blastula
hollow ball of cells with blastopore (inner tube)
Protostome
Mouth formed from blastopore
Deuterostome
Anus formed from blastopore

3. Germ Layers
Cells arranged into layers and from there specific organs or structures are formed.
1. Ectoderm – outer layer, forms skin,
2. Mesoderm – middle layer, forms muscles
3. Endoderm – inner layer, forms digestive tract

4. Body Symmetry Asymmetrical – no symmetry, no tissue organization.
Radial – body parts extend from center of body. Cells start forming first tissues.
Bilateral – Mirror image of right and left sides externally. Tissues well developed.

5. Body Cavities A body cavity is called a Coelom (see-lome).
Located between the digestive tract and the body wall inside the animal.
Allows for expansion and development.
Classification of organisms:
1. Acoelomate – no cavity present
2. Pseudocoelomate – partial body cavity
3. Coelomate – body cavity completely lined with mesoderm.

6. Cephalization
Concentration of sense organs and nerve cells at the front of the body.
Animals with bilateral symmetry exhibit it.
More complex animals the more pronounced their cephalization

7. Animal Kingdom Porifera Cnidaria Platyhelminthes Nematoda Mollusca
Annelida
Arthropoda
Echinodermata
Chordata

8. Animal Kingdom Phylogeny - Cladogram
Section 29-1
Radial Symmetry
Pseudocoelom
Radial Symmetry
Single-celled ancestor