1. ORT Greenberg K. Tivon 1 The Past Perfect (Simple and Progressive) (based on “ High School Grammar ” by Ronald Green) Irena Tseitlin

2. ORT Greenberg K. Tivon 2 The Past Perfect Simple I /you / he / she / it / we / they had + 3 rd form of the verb in the pastbefore We use the Past Perfect to show that an action in the past occurred before another action in the past. had brokenWhen Sarah came home, she saw that someone had broken into the apartment. had seenJohn knew that he had seen her somewhere before, but he couldn ’ t remember where.

3. ORT Greenberg K. Tivon 3 The Past Perfect Progressive I / you / he / she / it / we / they had been + verb +ing had been trying Yesterday the police arrested someone they had been trying to catch for ten years. 1. We use the Past Perfect Progressive for a continuousrepeated continuous or repeated activity that began before another action in the past and continued until the other action began. The emphasis is on the activity itself and its duration.

4. ORT Greenberg K. Tivon 4 The Past Perfect Progressive 2. We use the Past Perfect Progressive for a past activity that stopped recently or just before a second past action began. had been swimming I knew that they had been swimming because their swimming costumes were still wet.