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Domain II Organisms EOCT Review pages 5-7
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1 ATP is a nucleotide. It is used as a source of energy in the cell.
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2 ATP releases energy as bonds are broken. A – P – P – P A – P – P + P This bond is broken This is ADP…which is a lower energy molecule than ATP.
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3 Cell use energy for: Respiration Photosynthesis (in plants) Digestion (in animals) Reproduction (meiosis) Active transport Growth and repair (mitosis)
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4 ProcessOrganelle where it occurs What is needed?What is produced? Photosynthesis Cell Respiration ChloroplastCO 2, H 2 0, LIGHT Sugar (glucose) and Oxygen Cytoplasm and Mitochondria Sugar (glucose) and OxygenCO 2, H 2 0, 36 ATP CO 2 + H 2 0 + LIGHT Sugar (glucose) + Oxygen
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5 PLANTAE!!!!! And…Some bacteria and some protists.
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6 Sugar (glucose) + Oxygen CO 2 + H 2 0 + 36 ATP
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7 All eukaryotic kingdoms perform respiration: – Plantae – Protista – Animalia – Fungi
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8 Autotroph; Producer
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9 Heterotroph; Consumer
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10 Fermentation is a process that occurs when there is not enough oxygen to run steps 2 (Krebs cycle)and 3 (Electron transport chain) of cell respiration. It happens in the cytoplasm.
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11 The glucose is broken in half during step 1 of cell respiration (glycolysis) to form two pyruvate molecules. The pyruvate is changed into lactic acid, which allows glycolysis to happen again. You feel the lactic acid build up as a burning sensation in your muscles.
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12 Taxonomy is the scientific study of classifying organisms into groups based on characteristics.
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13 Homo sapiens Homo = genus name sapiens = species name.
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14 K P C O F G S
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15 A taxon (pl. taxa) is a level of classification. – K, P, C, O, F, G, and S are taxa.
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16 Similar DNA sequences (biochemistry) Physical similarities Geographic distribution Chromosome comparisons Breeding behavior
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17 It allows for an orderly study and makes comparisons between organisms possible.
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18 Evolutionary relationships are another way to determine how closely two species are related.
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19 Old bacterial kingdom = Monera Scientists realized that some bacteria were as different from other bacteria as plants are from animals. – So, they needed to be in different kingdoms. Thus, the birth of kingdoms Archaebacteria and Eubacteria
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20 A tool used to determine the identity of an organism based on physical characteristics.
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21 A = house fly B = Grasshopper C = Ladybug D = dragonfly
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22 A cladogram is a diagram showing evolutionary relationships and history between organisms.
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23 A.) Mosses Technically it is the green algae ancestor, but of the clades listed, Mosses are the oldest. B.) Ferns, Cone-bearing plants and Flowering plants C.) Cone-bearing plants and flowering plants D.) Flowering plants
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19…don’t know why it is numbered 19….accept it and move on. CharacteristicArchaeaBacteriaProtistaFungiPlantaeAnimalia Cell TypePRO EU # of cells111+Some 1+, most multi Multimulti NucleusNO YES FOOD?Some auto/ some hetero Some auto/ some hetero Some auto/ some hetero HeteroAutoHetero Cell wall?YES SomeYES NO Photosyn?NOA few NOYESNO Ex:Thermophiles Methanogens -E. Coli -Staph -Strep Euglena Amoeba Paramecium -Mold - Yeast PlantsAnimals
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24 Binary fission is an asexual method of reproduction that occurs in bacteria. It is very similar to mitosis: – 1.) The bacterial DNA is copied. – 2.) The copied DNA moves to opposite sides of the cell. – 3.) The cell splits in half forming two identical cells.
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25 Decomposers return nutrients into the soil (and atmosphere in the case of carbon (CO 2 ) allowing the cycle to continue.
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26 Viruses are considered non-living because: – 1.) They cannot reproduce on their own. (They need a host). – 2.) They are not made of cells. – They are essentially a bag made of protein with DNA or RNA in the bag.
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27 Pay special attention to the CAPSID and the DNA. These are the two most important parts for you to know!!! This is a BACTERIOPHAGE. (A virus that infects bacteria)
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28 In the lytic cycle, the virus: – 1.) completely takes over the cell – 2.) uses the cell’s organelles to make new viruses – 3.) causes the cell to explode, releasing the new viruses. In the lysogenic cycle, the virus: – 1.) hides its DNA in the host cell DNA. – 2.) reproduces only as fast as the host cell goes through mitosis. – 3.) may lie hidden for years before the person shows any symptoms. These are very fast- acting viruses. These tend to be slow-acting viruses.
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29 A very basic explanation: – 1.) The virus enters the host cell. – 2.) The virus is copied within the cell. Either by – taking over the cell (lytic cycle) or – by being copied as the host cell divides (lysogenic cycle) – 3.) The new viruses leave the cell to infect other cells.
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