1. Statistics

2. “Oh, people can come up with statistics to prove anything. 14% of people know that” Homer Simpson

3. Correlation does not imply causation…. It is the RELATIONSHIP between 2 variables Positive Correlation= one variable (factor) increases and the other also increases (ex. Need for achievement/Salaries) Negative Correlation=one variable (factor) increases and the other decreases (ex. Stress/health)  Perfect Negative= -1.00  No Relationship= 0  Perfect Positive= +1.00

4. Descriptive statistics Inferential statistics Summarize and describe data Measures of central tendancy  Correlation data (relationship data)  Mean  Median  Mode  Measures of variability Allow us to infer and draw conclusions from research Or What is significant? 95% or greater chance that the difference between groups is not due to chance This is called (p.05) or sampling error Two general categories….

5. Beware the Gambler’s Fallacy… Wrongly assuming that something happened when it happened due to chance. If you need an ace you cannot assume that one will be dealt to you- just because you haven’t been dealt one “yet”

6. The Mean.. The mathematical average of a set of values

7. The Mode…. The value in a set of scores that occurs most frequently

8. The median….. The middle value in a set of scores (think median strip down the middle of the highway)

9. For the following data- calculate the mean, median and mode Class One: 94, 92, 85, 81, 80, 73, 62 Class Two: 85, 83, 82, 81, 80, 79, 77 Mean: Median: Mode:

10. Polygon=fancy name for a line graph Histogram=fancy name for a bar graph Types of Graphs…

11. Normal Distribution= looks like a “bell shaped” curve Skewed Distribution= scores clustered in one direction or another Skewed Distribution

12. Range Standard Deviation  Difference between the highest and lowest scores  (only takes into account the two most extreme scores)  Calculate the Range.. Tells the actual amount of difference between one score and the mean Variance=calculation of standard deviation The measure of variability (or spread of scores)

13. How far was each player from the Mean? SeasonHome runs player A Home runs Player B 12345671234567 10 34 17 36 11 13 40 19 20 25 17 15 20 24 Player APlayer B Mean Median Mode Which Player do you want? Lets give this a try..