1. In your Interactive Notebook: Unit.Day 1.7 Correlations & Statistics Today’s OBJECTIVE(S) -- WRITE THESE DOWN: – I can interpret statistical data to understand psychological research – I can use various statistical methods to represent psychological data DAILY COMMENTARY – Give an example that shows the difference between correlation and causation. TURN IN: ON YOUR DESK: 1) reading journal 2) Daily commentary notebook 3) Computers Unit 1 ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS: What is (and isn’t) Psychology? How do psychologists conduct reliable and ethical research?

2. Today’s Discussion Questions Make sure your name is on the questions you submit, and that your question is unique. – This will be factored into your grade.

3. Whole Class Check ins: Vocab Cards (20 required) – Questions about format????? – First 5 points of your exam. Without vocab cards you begin with a maximum score of 45/50. Exam – Monday MC Section FRQ Section

4. DQ’S, Updates & Reminders BIG PICTURE – Friday Quizzes today & September 6 – Projects Due Thursday, September 5 th – Experiment Project – Unit Exam: Monday, September 9 th Today: – DC & Discussion – PsychSim5 – Lecture – Stats Practice – Work Time: Experiments Tonight’s Homework: – RJ 1.7 Myers 44-49 NOT IN GRIGGS – Finish Projects; you will present tomorrow

5. FRQ Review If you think you earned the point, read your response for that section. – WHOLE CLASS: As soon as they have earned the point, yell “BANG!” – RUBRIC: NOSCSC-SSLSECHE

6. There is a positive correlation between eating ice cream and dying at the beach. – Why?

7. What’s the value of statistical analysis?

8. 8 Correlation When one trait or behavior accompanies another, we say the two correlate. Correlation coefficient Indicates direction of relationship (positive or negative) Indicates strength of relationship (0.00 to 1.00) r = 0.37 + Correlation Coefficient is a statistical measure of the relationship between two variables.

9. 9 Perfect positive correlation (+1.00) Scatterplot is a graph comprised of points that are generated by values of two variables. The slope of the points depicts the direction, while the amount of scatter depicts the strength of the relationship. Scatterplots

10. Positive Correlations The more AP classes I take the more stressed I am The less sleep I get the less my friends like me The less chocolate cake I eat the less weight I gain

11. 11 No relationship (0.00) Perfect negative correlation (-1.00) The Scatterplot on the left shows a negative correlation, while the one on the right shows no relationship between the two variables. Scatterplots

12. Negative correlations The more I eat the less weight I lose the more time I spend bowling the less time I spend studying As x goes up y goes down

13. 13 Data Data showing height and temperament in people.

14. 14 Scatterplot The Scatterplot below shows the relationship between height and temperament in people. There is a moderate positive correlation of +0.63.

15. 15 or Correlation and Causation

16. 16 Illusory Correlation The perception of a relationship where no relationship actually exists. Parents conceive children after adoption. Confirming evidence Disconfirming evidence Do not adopt Disconfirming evidence Confirming evidence Adopt Do not conceive Conceive Michael Newman Jr./ Photo Edit

17. 17 Given random data, we look for order and meaningful patterns. Order in Random Events Your chances of being dealt either of these hands is precisely the same: 1 in 2,598,960.

18. 18 Order in Random Events Given large numbers of random outcomes, a few are likely to express order. Angelo and Maria Gallina won two California lottery games on the same day. Jerry Telfer/ San Francisco Chronicle

19. 19 Statistical Reasoning Statistical procedures analyze and interpret data allowing us to see what the unaided eye misses. Composition of ethnicity in urban locales

20. 20 Describing Data A meaningful description of data is important in research. Misrepresentation may lead to incorrect conclusions.

21. Independent Study Complete PsychSim5 Module: “Descriptive Statistics” – Google psychsim5 or go to: http://bcs.worthpublishers.com/gray/content/psy chsim5/launcher.html http://bcs.worthpublishers.com/gray/content/psy chsim5/launcher.html – Select “Descriptive Statistics” – Submit my email at the end: Nicholas.GraberGrace@dpsnc.net

22. Data Set: Normal Distribution (bell curve for IQ)

23. 23 Measures of Central Tendency Mode: The most frequently occurring score in a distribution. Mean: The arithmetic average of scores in a distribution obtained by adding the scores and then dividing by the number of scores that were added together. Median: The middle score in a rank-ordered distribution.

24. 24 Measures of Central Tendency A Skewed Distribution

25. 25 Measures of Variation Range: The difference between the highest and lowest scores in a distribution. Standard Deviation: A computed measure of how much scores vary around the mean.

26. Which punter would you want on your football team? Mean Punt Standard Deviation Kicker A37.5 yards+/- 14 yards Kicker B33.0 yards+/-4

27. 27 Standard Deviation

28. Percentiles Percentile ranks – 78 % means you’ve done better than 78% of test takers – You cannot score better than 100%; so 99% is the top percentile

29. 29 Making Inferences A statistical statement of how frequently an obtained result occurred by experimental manipulation or by chance.

30. 30 Making Inferences 1.Representative samples are better than biased samples. 2.Less variable observations are more reliable than more variable ones. 3.More cases are better than fewer cases. When is an Observed Difference Reliable?

31. 31 Making Inferences When sample averages are reliable and the difference between them is relatively large, we say the difference has statistical significance. When is a Difference Significant?

32. Work Time Complete your work on your experiments: you will present them tomorrow

33. DQ’S, Updates & Reminders BIG PICTURE – Friday Quizzes today & September 6 – Projects Due Thursday, September 5 th – Experiment Project – Unit Exam: Tuesday, 9/10 Today: – DC & Discussion – PsychSim5 – Lecture – Stats Practice – Work Time: Experiments Tonight’s Homework: – RJ 1.7 Myers 44-49 NOT IN GRIGGS – Finish Projects; you will present tomorrow – Do Statistics Worksheet