1. Chapter 1 Review

2. What is the total magnification of a microscope with two lenses when one lens has a magnification of 15, and the other lens has a magnification of 30? 1. 15 2. 30 3. 45 4. 450

3. What is the total magnification of a microscope with two lenses when one lens has a magnification of 15, and the other lens has a magnification of 30? 4. 450

4. How does magnification occur in an electron microscope? 1. An electron beam creates a high resolution image. 2. An electron beam makes the object become larger. 3. Light is changed into electrons by a convex lens. 4. Light is reflected by an electron beam.

5. How does magnification occur in an electron microscope? 4. Light is reflected by an electron beam.

6. Which of the following statements is part of the cell theory? 1. Only plants are composed of cells. 2. All cells are produced from other cells. 3. Cells can be produced from nonliving matter. 4. Cells are one of several basic units of structure and function in living things.

7. Which of the following statements is part of the cell theory? 2. All cells are produced from other cells.

8. Which of the following statements is NOT part of the cell theory? 1. Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living things. 2. All cells are produced from other cells. 3. Only animals are composed of cells. 4. All living things are composed of cells.

9. Which of the following statements is NOT part of the cell theory? 3. Only animals are composed of cells.

10. How does a microscope lens work? 1. Each concave lens bends light to make the object appear larger. 2. Each convex lens bends light to make the object appear larger. 3. Each convex lens bends light to make the object become larger. 4. The reflection of each concave lens makes the object appear larger.

11. How does a microscope lens work? 2. Each convex lens bends light to make the object appear larger.

12. What does the term resolution refer to? 1. how sharp an image is 2. how big an image can be 3. how many lenses a microscope uses 4. how much light is needed to see an image

13. What does the term resolution refer to? 1. how sharp an image is

14. What is the function of a cell membrane? 1. to protect and support the cell 2. to perform different functions in each cell 3. to control what enters and leaves the cell 4. to form a hard outer covering for the cell

15. What is the function of a cell membrane? 3. to control what enters and leaves the cell

16. Which organelles produce most of the energy needed by a cell? 1. mitochondria 2. chloroplasts 3. ribosomes 4. Golgi bodies

17. Which organelles produce most of the energy needed by a cell? 1. mitochondria

18. Which organelle is the control center of a cell? 1. Mitochondrion 2. ribosome 3. nucleus 4. chloroplast

19. Which organelle is the control center of a cell? 3. nucleus

20. Which organelles produce proteins in the cell? 1. Golgi bodies 2. chloroplasts 3. ribosomes 4. vacuoles

21. Which organelles produce proteins in the cell? 3. ribosomes

22. How does a bacterial cell differ from a plant or animal cell? 1. It is larger. 2. It does not have a nucleus. 3. It has no cytoplasm. 4. It has no organelles.

23. How does a bacterial cell differ from a plant or animal cell? 2. It does not have a nucleus.

24. Cells in many-celled organisms 1. all look the same. 2. all have the same structure. 3. are often quite different from each other. 4. are the same size in every part of the organism.

25. Cells in many-celled organisms 2. all have the same structure.

26. Specialized cells are found only in 1. animals. 2. single-celled organisms. 3. bacteria. 4. many-celled organisms.

27. Specialized cells are found only in 4. Many-celled organisms.

28. All organic compounds contain the element 1. water. 2. oxygen. 3. carbon. 4. nitrogen.

29. All organic compounds contain the element 3. carbon.

30. DNA and RNA are 1. lipids. 2. enzymes. 3. amino acids. 4. nucleic acids.

31. DNA and RNA are 4. nucleic acids.

32. Why is water important for a cell? 1. Water is the main ingredient in DNA. 2. All proteins require water to function. 3. Most chemical reactions in cells require water. 4. Water is an essential organic compound for the body.

33. Why is water important for a cell? 3. Most chemical reactions in cells require water.

34. The water in a cell 1. allows the temperature of the cell to change rapidly. 2. keeps substances from moving in and out of cells. 3. helps the cell keep its size and shape. 4. prevents chemical reactions from taking place.

35. The water in a cell 3. helps the cell keep its size and shape.

36. Which term refers to the movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration? 1. collision 2. diffusion 3. active transport 4. concentration

37. Which term refers to the movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration? 2. diffusion

38. Which term refers to the movement of materials through a cell membrane without using energy? 1. concentration 2. collision 3. active transport 4. passive transport

39. Which term refers to the movement of materials through a cell membrane without using energy? 4. passive transport

40. Which term refers to the movement of water molecules through a selectively permeable membrane? 1. osmosis 2. engulfing 3. active transport 4. passive transport

41. Which term refers to the movement of water molecules through a selectively permeable membrane? 1. osmosis

42. Which term refers to the movement of materials through a cell membrane when energy is required? 1. osmosis 2. diffusion 3. active transport 4. passive transport

43. Which term refers to the movement of materials through a cell membrane when energy is required? 3. active transport

44. Which term refers to proteins that speed up chemical reactions in living things? 1. carbohydrate 2. enzyme 3. amino acid 4. nucleic acid

45. Which term refers to proteins that speed up chemical reactions in living things? 2. enzyme

46. What is the function of a cell wall? 1. to protect and support the cell 2. to perform different functions in each cell 3. to prevent water from passing through it 4. to prevent oxygen from entering the cell

47. What is the function of a cell wall? 1. to protect and support the cell

48. Chromatin in the nucleus of a cell 1. contains instructions that direct the functions of a cell. 2. controls what substances come into and out of a cell. 3. protects the nucleus with a rigid layer of cellulose. 4. produces ribosomes and proteins.

49. Chromatin in the nucleus of a cell 1. contains instructions that direct the functions of a cell.

50. Which organelles store food and other materials needed by the cell? 1. mitochondria 2. chloroplasts 3. ribosomes 4. vacuoles

51. Which organelles store food and other materials needed by the cell? 4. vacuoles

52. Which organelles release chemicals that break down large food particles into smaller ones? 1. endoplasmic reticulum 2. Golgi bodies 3. lysosomes 4. vacuoles

53. Which organelles release chemicals that break down large food particles into smaller ones? 3. lysosomes

54. Sugar molecules can combine to form large molecules called 1. proteins. 2. starches. 3. enzymes. 4. lipids.

55. Sugar molecules can combine to form large molecules called 2. starches.

56. The invention of the microscope made it possible for people to discover and learn about 1. plants. 2. skin. 3. animals. 4. cells.

57. The invention of the microscope made it possible for people to discover and learn about 4. cells.

58. Which of these scientists was the first person to observe what are now called bacteria? 1. Ernst Ruska 2. Hans Janssen 3. Robert Hooke 4. Anton von Leeuwenhoek

59. Which of these scientists was the first person to observe what are now called bacteria? 4. Anton von Leeuwenhoek

60. Chapter 7 These might be on the test too! But you remember these right?

61. The more classification levels that two organisms share, 1. the closer together on Earth they live. 2. the easier it is to tell them apart. 3. the more characteristics they have in common. 4. the more distantly related they are.

62. The more classification levels that two organisms share, 3. the more characteristics they have in common.

63. The gradual change in species over time is called 1. taxonomy. 2. homeostasis. 3. evolution. 4. classification.

64. The gradual change in species over time is called 3. evolution.

65. One characteristic used to place organisms into kingdoms is 1. how they move. 2. where they live. 3. their ability to make food. 4. their ability to reproduce.

66. One characteristic used to place organisms into kingdoms is 3. their ability to make food.

67. The process of change that occurs during an organism’s life to produce a more complex organism is called 1. reproduction. 2. growth. 3. development. 4. stimulus.

68. The process of change that occurs during an organism’s life to produce a more complex organism is called 3. development.

69. Which is the most abundant chemical found in living cells? 1. water 2. carbohydrates 3. proteins 4. nucleic acids

70. Which is the most abundant chemical found in living cells? 1. water 2. carbohydrates 3. proteins 4. nucleic acids

71. Which is the most abundant chemical found in living cells? 1. water

72. Which classification level is broader than the phylum level? 1. order 2. class 3. family 4. kingdom

73. Which classification level is broader than the phylum level? 4. kingdom

74. A plant growing toward light is an example of 1. reproduction. 2. a response. 3. a stimulus. 4. development.

75. A plant growing toward light is an example of 2. a response.

76. The mistaken idea that living things arise from nonliving sources is known as 1. binomial nomenclature. 2. spontaneous generation. 3. reproduction. 4. homeostasis.

77. The mistaken idea that living things arise from nonliving sources is known as 2. spontaneous generation.

78. The source of energy for most autotrophs is 1. water. 2. the sun. 3. heterotrophs. 4. other autotrophs.

79. The source of energy for most autotrophs is 2. the sun.

80. Which of the following characteristics do all plants share? 1. being unicellular 2. producing flowers 3. being a prokaryote 4. being an autotroph

81. Which of the following characteristics do all plants share? 4. being an autotroph

82. An organism that makes its own food is called a(n) 1. heterotroph. 2. eukaryote. 3. autotroph. 4. prokaryote.

83. An organism that makes its own food is called a(n) 3. autotroph.

84. True/ False

85. In passive transport, materials move from a higher to a lower concentration through a cell membrane. The cell theory states that cells are produced from nonliving cells.

86. An organic compound always contains carbon. Water helps keep the temperature of cells from changing rapidly.

87. The cells in a many-celled organism often have different sizes and shapes. Plant and animal cells usually are larger than bacterial cells.

88. Organelles that use energy from sunlight to produce food are called mitochondria. The outer boundary of a cell is the cell membrane.

89. A microscope that enlarges an object 400 times is said to have a resolution of 400. A microscope is an instrument that makes distant objects look larger.

90. Fill in the Blank

91. A light microscope that has two or more lenses is called a(n) ____________________ microscope. The microscope allowed Hooke to see “tiny rectangular rooms,” which he called ____________________.

92. The cell theory states that cells are the basic unit of structure and ____________________ in living things. According to the cell theory, all organisms are made of ____________________.

93. The sharpness of an image produced by a microscope is called ____________________. A lens that is thicker in the center than at the edges is called a(n) ____________________ lens.

94. The structure that allows materials to pass into and out of a cell is the ____________________.

95. The nucleus of a cell has thin strands of ____________________ that contain genetic material. Small grainlike bodies called ____________________ produce proteins inside cells.

96. Organelles known as ____________________ contain chemicals that break down food particles and old cell parts. Unlike in an animal cell, the genetic material in a bacterial cell is not found in a(n) ____________________.

97. A structure found in plant and bacterial cells but not in animal cells is the cell ____________________. In a many-celled organism, cells of different sizes and structures perform different ____________________.

98. Sugars and starches are examples of organic compounds known as ____________________. DNA and RNA belong to the group of organic compounds known as ____________________.

99. Most substances must be dissolved in ____________________ to be used by cells. Oxygen molecules move across cell membranes through a process called ____________________.

100. The diffusion of ____________________ molecules is called osmosis. Unlike passive transport, active transport requires the cell to use ____________________.

101. Small molecules called ____________________ make up proteins.

102. Name two structures that are not found in the cell shown here but that are found in plant cells. Identify structure A and describe its function.

103. Identify structure B and describe its function. Identify the structures labeled C and describe their function.

104. Small units that are linked together chemically to form large protein molecules Amino acids

106. An organism that makes its own food Autotroph

107. Energy-rich organic compounds, such as sugars starches, that are made of the elements carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. They provide the raw materials for cell parts Carbohydrates

108. The basic unit of structure and function in living things Cells

109. The outside boundary of a cell; controls which substances can enter and leave the cell Cell Membrane

110. A widely accepted explanation of the relationship between cells and living things Cell Theory

111. Small units that are linked together chemically to form large protein molecules Amino acids

112. A ridged layer of nonliving material that surrounds the cells of plants and some other organisms Cell Wall

113. A chemical the cell wall of plants rigid and strong Cellulose

114. A structure in the cells of plants, algae, and some bacteria Chloroplast

115. A curved lens in which the center is thicker than its edges Convex lens

116. The region of a cell located inside the cell membrane (prokaryote) or between the cell membrane and the nucleus (eukaryote); contains a gel-like material and cell organelles Cytoplasm

117. The process which molecules move from a higher concentration to a lesser concentration diffusion

118. An organism with cells that contain a nuclei and other cell structures eukaryote

119. An organism that cannot make its own food heterotroph

120. Energy-rich organic compounds, such as fats, oils, and waxes, that are made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen lipids

121. A small round cell structure that contains chemicals that break down large food particles into smaller ones Lysomes

122. Instrument that makes small objects look larger Microscope

123. The smallest unit of an element Atom

124. Two or more elements that are chemically combined Compound

125. A light microscope that has more than one lens Compound light microscope

126. A protein that speeds up chemical reactions in the bodies of living things Enzyme

127. A tiny structure that carries out a specific function in the cell Organelle

128. The control center of the cell that directs the cell’s activities; contains the chemical instruction that cells direct the cell’s activities and determine the cell’s characteristics Nucleus

129. A very large organic molecule made of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, and phosphorus, that contain instructions that cells need to carry out all the functions of life Nucleic acid

130. The smallest unit of most compounds Molecule

131. Rod-shaped cell structures that produce most of the energy needed to carry out the cell’s function Mitochondria

132. A living thing Organism

133. The movement of materials through a cell membrane using energy Passive transport

134. The movement of materials through a cell membrane using energy Active transport

135. A type of matter in which all the atoms are the same; cannot be broken down into a simpler substance Element

136. A living thing Organism

137. A organism whose cells lack a nucleus and some other cell structures Prokaryote

138. Large organic molecules made of carbon. hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sometimes sulfur; they are needed for tissue growth and repair and play a part in chemical reactions within cells protien

139. The ability to clearly distinguish the individual parts of an object Resolution

140. A tiny structure in the cytoplasm of a cell where proteins are made Ribosome

141. A compound that contains carbon organic compound

142. A compound that does not contain carbon inorganic compound

143. A cell structure that forms a maze of passageways in which proteins and other materials are carried from one part of a cell to another Endoplasmic reticulum

144. Material in cells that contain DNA and genetic information chromatin

145. Deoxyribonucleic acid; the genetic material that carries information about an organism and is passed from the parent to the offspring DNA

146. Ribonucleic acid; a nucleic acid that plays an important role in the production of proteins RNA

147. A property of cell membranes that allows some substances to pass through, while others cannot Selectively permeable

148. The diffusion of water molecules through a selectively permeable membrane osmosis

149. A water-filled sac inside a cell that acts as a storage area Vacuole

150. A structure in a cell that receives proteins and other newly formed materials from the endoplasmic reticulum, packages them, and distributes them to other parts of the cell Golgi body